Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar Tripura, 799022, India.
TUV SUD South Asia, Bangalore, 560058, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(34):47306-47326. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13803-y. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Lung cancer is the most aggressive as well as deadly form of cancer and most of the lung cancer cases are involved in direct smoking or passive smoking. Oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation regulated by some transcription factors like Nrf2, NF-κB etc. play important roles in lung cancer. Various combinations of therapies are currently attributed to lung cancer treatment. A plethora of evidence supports that the consumption of plant-derived foods can prevent chronic diseases like cancer. Leaves of olive (Olea europaea L.) are rich in phenolic compounds which are having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property. Also, bromelain from pineapple juice and from pineapple stem is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. We took a pragmatic approach to prevent carcinogenesis by supplementing the combination of these two extracts. In this study, we have tried to evaluate the amelioration of various hallmarks associated with benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis upon the combinatorial treatment of ethanolic olive leaf extract (EOLE) and bromelain. We have studied the role of EOLE in amelioration of BaP-induced oxidative stress in the lung. As several reports of anticancer activity of bromelain are available, we have combined EOLE with bromelain to study their protective role against BaP-mediated lung damage. Changes in DNA integrity, LPO level in lung after EOLE-treated animal were examined. Then, we have evaluated the synergistic role of EOLE and bromelain. We have found that EOLE in combination with bromelain was able to increase the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and decrease the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Combination of treatment also reduced the expression of TNFα, IL-6, and some matrix metalloproteinases in lung tissue. Our findings suggest that EOLE and bromelain can synergistically reduce the BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis associated with inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating the expression of various inflammatory markers and also modulating the activity of pulmonary antioxidant armories.
肺癌是最具侵袭性和致命性的癌症形式，大多数肺癌病例与直接吸烟或被动吸烟有关。氧化应激和由 Nrf2、NF-κB 等转录因子调节的肺炎症在肺癌中发挥重要作用。目前，各种联合疗法被归因于肺癌治疗。大量证据表明，食用植物源性食物可以预防癌症等慢性疾病。橄榄（Olea europaea L.）的叶子富含具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的酚类化合物。此外，菠萝汁和菠萝茎中的菠萝蛋白酶是一种有效的抗炎剂。我们采取了一种实用的方法，通过补充这两种提取物的组合来预防致癌作用。在这项研究中，我们试图评估组合使用乙醇橄榄叶提取物（EOLE）和菠萝蛋白酶对苯并（a）芘诱导的肺癌发生相关各种特征的改善作用。我们研究了 EOLE 在改善苯并（a）芘诱导的肺氧化应激中的作用。由于已有菠萝蛋白酶具有抗癌活性的报道，因此我们将 EOLE 与菠萝蛋白酶结合起来，研究它们对苯并（a）芘介导的肺损伤的保护作用。研究了苯并（a）芘处理动物的肺 DNA 完整性和 LPO 水平的变化。然后，我们评估了 EOLE 和菠萝蛋白酶的协同作用。我们发现，EOLE 与菠萝蛋白酶联合使用能够增加 Nrf2 从细胞质向细胞核的易位，并减少 NF-κB 从细胞质向细胞核的易位。联合治疗还降低了肺组织中 TNFα、IL-6 和一些基质金属蛋白酶的表达。我们的研究结果表明，EOLE 和菠萝蛋白酶通过调节各种炎症标志物的表达以及调节肺抗氧化剂军备的活性，能够协同减少苯并（a）芘诱导的与炎症和氧化应激相关的肺癌发生。
