Food To Fit Limited, London, UK.
Allergy UK, Kent, UK.
Allergy. 2021 Nov;76(11):3479-3488. doi: 10.1111/all.14871. Epub 2021 May 18.
Essential training for emergency adrenaline auto-injector administration alone provides an inadequate safeguard in school environments. Recent UK deaths have reinforced the urgency for embedding whole school (WS) allergy awareness to minimise risk. We documented the development of a practical, flexible WS Food Allergy Awareness Toolkit for UK secondary schools.
We used a multidisciplinary participatory action research methodology, involving successive modification and retesting of a pragmatic toolkit in 3 case study schools. A School Allergy Action Group drives WS risk assessment, helping schools gradually implement best practice policy in line with their particular needs. Additional schools self-piloted the resulting toolkit with only remote monitoring. School surveys, based on EAACI guidelines were developed to identify priorities and assess change.
Effectiveness of the resulting process toolkit, now available online, was independently demonstrated via pre/post-intervention questionnaires from 24/10 pupils with food allergy (FA) and 97/6 pupils without FA, respectively. Pearson correlational analysis showed strong negative relationships between Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) at T0 and School Support (SS) at T0 (r = -0.8, P<0.01), and between SS and Self-Efficacy (SE) (r = 0.73, P<0.05). Mean FAQLQ scores improved between T0 (3.3) and T1 (2.5). SE improved for those with FA (mean difference = 1.0). In those without FA, SE (mean difference = 0.9) and Attitudes and Knowledge (mean difference = 0.7) also improved.
Full stakeholder involvement in toolkit development encourages usage and, therefore, improves WS community awareness; reduces risk of reactions; fosters a more accepting societal attitude and empowers pupils with/without allergies to self-manage effectively.
仅对紧急肾上腺素自动注射器给药进行基本培训，在学校环境中不能提供充分的保障。最近英国发生的死亡事件强化了在整个学校（WS）范围内提高过敏意识以最大程度降低风险的紧迫性。我们记录了为英国中学开发实用、灵活的 WS 食物过敏意识工具包的过程。
我们使用多学科参与式行动研究方法，在 3 所案例研究学校中对实用工具包进行了连续的修改和测试。学校过敏行动小组推动 WS 风险评估，帮助学校根据自身需求逐步实施最佳实践政策。其他学校则自行试用该工具包，仅接受远程监测。根据 EAACI 指南开发了学校调查，以确定优先事项并评估变化。
该工具包现已在线提供，其有效性通过 24 名/10 名有食物过敏（FA）的学生和 97/6 名无 FA 的学生的前后干预问卷调查得以独立证明。皮尔逊相关分析显示，在 T0 时食物过敏生活质量问卷（FAQLQ）与学校支持（SS）之间存在强烈的负相关关系（r=-0.8，P<0.01），SS 与自我效能（SE）之间也存在负相关关系（r=0.73，P<0.05）。FAQLQ 评分在 T0（3.3）和 T1（2.5）之间有所提高。有 FA 的学生 SE 提高（平均差异=1.0）。在没有 FA 的学生中，SE（平均差异=0.9）和态度与知识（平均差异=0.7）也有所提高。
工具包开发过程中充分涉及利益相关者，鼓励使用，从而提高了 WS 社区意识；降低了反应风险；培养了更宽容的社会态度，并使有/无过敏的学生能够有效自我管理。
