Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Clin Immunol. 2021 Jun;227:108734. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108734. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
Life-threatening invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are increasing in incidence, especially in immunocompromised patients and successful resolution of IFD requires a variety of different immune cells. With the limited repertoire of available antifungal drugs there is a need for more effective therapeutic strategies. This review interrogates the evidence on the human immune response to the main pathogens driving IFD, with a focus on the role of unconventional lymphocytes e.g. natural killer (NK) cells, gamma/delta (γδ) T cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Recent discoveries and new insights into the roles of these novel lymphocyte groups in antifungal immunity will be discussed, and we will explore how an improved understanding of antifungal action by lymphocytes can inform efforts to improve antifungal treatment options.
危及生命的侵袭性真菌病（IFD）的发病率正在上升，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。成功解决 IFD 需要多种不同的免疫细胞。由于现有抗真菌药物的种类有限，因此需要更有效的治疗策略。本综述探讨了人类对主要导致 IFD 的病原体的免疫反应的证据，重点关注非传统淋巴细胞的作用，例如自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞、γ/δ (γδ) T 细胞、黏膜相关不变 T (MAIT) 细胞、不变自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞和先天淋巴样细胞 (ILC)。将讨论最近对这些新型淋巴细胞群在抗真菌免疫中的作用的新发现和新见解，并探讨对淋巴细胞抗真菌作用的更好理解如何为改善抗真菌治疗选择提供信息。
