Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2019 Mar;16(3):205-215. doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
Efficient immune responses against invading pathogens often involve coordination between cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. For multiple decades, it has been believed that CD8 memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells constantly and uniformly recirculate. Only recently was the existence of noncirculating memory T and NK cells that remain resident in the peripheral tissues, termed tissue-resident memory T (T) cells and tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells, observed in various organs owing to improved techniques. T cells populate a wide range of peripheral organs, including the skin, sensory ganglia, gut, lungs, brain, salivary glands, female reproductive tract, and others. Recent findings have demonstrated the existence of T in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) as well, leading to revision of the classic theory that they exist only in peripheral organs. trNK cells have been identified in the uterus, skin, kidney, adipose tissue, and salivary glands. These tissue-resident lymphocytes do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatic system and often adopt a unique phenotype that is distinct from those of circulating immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the tissue residency of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on CD8 memory T cells, and describe some advances regarding unconventional T cells (invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), and γδ T cells) and the emerging family of trNK cells. Specifically, we will focus on the phenotypes and functions of these subsets and discuss their implications in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity.
高效的免疫反应通常涉及先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统细胞之间的协调。几十年来，人们一直认为 CD8 记忆 T 细胞和自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞不断地、均匀地循环。直到最近，由于技术的改进，人们才在各种器官中观察到非循环记忆 T 和 NK 细胞的存在，这些细胞被称为组织驻留记忆 T（T）细胞和组织驻留 NK（trNK）细胞。T 细胞分布在广泛的外周器官中，包括皮肤、感觉神经节、肠道、肺、脑、唾液腺、女性生殖道等。最近的研究发现 T 细胞也存在于次级淋巴器官 (SLO) 中，这导致了对它们只存在于外周器官的经典理论的修正。trNK 细胞已在子宫、皮肤、肾脏、脂肪组织和唾液腺中被识别。这些组织驻留淋巴细胞不会在血液或淋巴系统中循环，并且通常具有独特的表型，与循环免疫细胞不同。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论先天和适应性淋巴细胞组织驻留的最新发现，特别关注 CD8 记忆 T 细胞，并描述关于非常规 T 细胞（不变自然杀伤 T 细胞、黏膜相关不变 T 细胞 (MAIT) 和 γδ T 细胞）和新兴的 trNK 细胞家族的一些进展。具体来说，我们将重点介绍这些亚群的表型和功能，并讨论它们在抗病毒和抗肿瘤免疫中的意义。
