Stennett Michelle, Blokland Alex, Watt Richard G, Heilmann Anja
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Eur J Public Health. 2021 Apr 24;31(2):396-402. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab023.
There are stark ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of UK childhood obesity. However, data on adolescent overweight in different ethnic groups are limited. This study assessed ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence during mid-adolescence using body mass index (BMI) and explored the contribution of socioeconomic and behavioural factors.
We analyzed data from 10 500 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years who participated in sweep six of the Millennium Cohort Study. Ethnic inequalities in overweight and mean BMI were assessed using multiple regression models. Results were stratified by sex and adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioural factors.
Black Caribbean males had significantly higher BMI than White males after full adjustment [excess BMI 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-5.19] and were over three times more likely to be overweight [odds ratio (OR): 3.32, 95% CI 1.95-5.66]. Black Africans females had significantly higher BMI compared with White females (excess BMI 1.86, 95% CI 0.89-2.83; OR for overweight 2.74, 95% CI 1.64-4.56), while Indian females had significantly lower BMI compared with White females (reduced BMI -0.73, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.09). Socioeconomic and behavioural factors often considered to be associated with overweight were more prevalent in some ethnic minority groups (lower socioeconomic position, lack of breakfast consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, high sugar-sweetened beverage and fast-food consumption, and infrequent physical activity), but adjustment for these factors did not fully explain ethnic differences in overweight/BMI.
Ethnic inequalities in overweight prevalence are evident in mid-adolescence and vary according to sex. Differences in overweight/BMI between ethnic groups were not fully accounted for by socioeconomic or behavioural factors.
英国儿童肥胖患病率存在明显的种族不平等。然而，不同种族青少年超重的数据有限。本研究使用体重指数（BMI）评估了青春期中期超重患病率的种族不平等，并探讨了社会经济和行为因素的作用。
我们分析了10500名年龄在13至15岁之间、参与千年队列研究第六轮调查的青少年的数据。使用多元回归模型评估超重和平均BMI的种族不平等。结果按性别分层，并对社会经济和行为因素进行了调整。
在完全调整后，加勒比黑人男性的BMI显著高于白人男性[超重BMI 2.94，95%置信区间（CI）0.70 - 5.19]，超重的可能性是白人男性的三倍多[优势比（OR）：3.32，95% CI 1.95 - 5.66]。与白人女性相比，非洲黑人女性的BMI显著更高（超重BMI 1.86，95% CI 0.89 - 2.83；超重OR 2.74，95% CI 1.64 - 4.56），而与白人女性相比，印度女性的BMI显著更低（BMI降低 -0.73，95% CI -1.37至 -0.09）。一些少数民族群体中，通常被认为与超重相关的社会经济和行为因素更为普遍（社会经济地位较低、不吃早餐、水果和蔬菜摄入量低、高糖饮料和快餐消费高以及缺乏体育活动），但对这些因素进行调整并不能完全解释超重/BMI的种族差异。
青春期中期超重患病率的种族不平等明显，且因性别而异。种族群体之间超重/BMI的差异不能完全由社会经济或行为因素来解释。
