Nastasi Nicholas, Haines Sarah R, Xu Lingyi, da Silva Hadler, Divjan Adnan, Barnes Mark A, Rappleye Chad A, Perzanowski Matthew S, Green Brett J, Dannemiller Karen C
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Build Environ. 2020 May;174. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106774.
Mold growth indoors is associated with negative human health effects, and this growth is limited by moisture availability. Dust deposited in carpet is an important source of human exposure due to potential elevated resuspension compared to hard floors. However, we need an improved understanding of fungal growth in dust and carpet to better estimate human exposure. The goal of this study was to compare fungal growth quantity and morphology in residential carpet under different environmental conditions, including equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) (50%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%), carpet fiber material (nylon, olefin, wool) and presence/absence of dust. We analyzed incubated carpet and dust samples from three Ohio homes for total fungal DNA, fungal allergen Alt a 1, and fungal morphology. Dust presence and elevated ERH (≥85%) were the most important variables that increased fungal growth. Elevated ERH increased mean fungal DNA concentration (P < 0.0001), for instance by approximately 1000 times at 100% compared to 50% ERH after two weeks. Microscopy also revealed more fungal growth at higher ERH. Fungal concentrations were up to 100 times higher in samples containing house dust compared to no dust. For fiber type, olefin had the least total fungal growth, and nylon had the most total fungi and growth in unaltered dust. Increased ERH conditions were associated with increased Alt a 1 allergen concentration. The results of this study demonstrate that ERH, presence/absence of house dust, and carpet fiber type influence fungal growth and allergen production in residential carpet, which has implications for human exposure.
室内霉菌生长与对人体健康的负面影响相关，且这种生长受到水分可利用性的限制。与硬地面相比，沉积在地毯中的灰尘因潜在的更高再悬浮率而成为人体接触的重要来源。然而，我们需要更好地了解灰尘和地毯中的真菌生长情况，以便更准确地估计人体接触量。本研究的目的是比较不同环境条件下住宅地毯中的真菌生长量和形态，这些条件包括平衡相对湿度（ERH）（50%、85%、90%、95%、100%）、地毯纤维材料（尼龙、烯烃、羊毛）以及灰尘的有无。我们分析了来自俄亥俄州三户家庭的培养后的地毯和灰尘样本，检测其总真菌DNA、真菌过敏原Alt a 1以及真菌形态。灰尘的存在和较高的ERH（≥85%）是增加真菌生长的最重要变量。较高的ERH增加了平均真菌DNA浓度（P < 0.0001），例如，两周后在100% ERH条件下的平均真菌DNA浓度相比50% ERH时增加了约1000倍。显微镜检查也显示在较高ERH条件下真菌生长更多。与无灰尘样本相比，含室内灰尘样本中的真菌浓度高出多达100倍。对于纤维类型，烯烃的总真菌生长最少，尼龙的总真菌数量最多，且在未改变的灰尘中的生长情况也最为显著。ERH增加的条件与Alt a 1过敏原浓度增加相关。本研究结果表明，ERH、室内灰尘的有无以及地毯纤维类型会影响住宅地毯中的真菌生长和过敏原产生，这对人体接触有重要意义。
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