Mudarri David H
The Cadmus Group, Inc., 2909 Pierpont St, Alexandria, VA 22302, USA.
J Environ Public Health. 2016;2016:2386596. doi: 10.1155/2016/2386596. Epub 2016 May 29.
Two foundational methods for estimating the total economic burden of disease are cost of illness (COI) and willingness to pay (WTP). WTP measures the full cost to society, but WTP estimates are difficult to compute and rarely available. COI methods are more often used but less likely to reflect full costs. This paper attempts to estimate the full economic cost (2014$) of illnesses resulting from exposure to dampness and mold using COI methods and WTP where the data is available. A limited sensitivity analysis of alternative methods and assumptions demonstrates a wide potential range of estimates. In the final estimates, the total annual cost to society attributable to dampness and mold is estimated to be $3.7 (2.3-4.7) billion for allergic rhinitis, $1.9 (1.1-2.3) billion for acute bronchitis, $15.1 (9.4-20.6) billion for asthma morbidity, and $1.7 (0.4-4.5) billion for asthma mortality. The corresponding costs from all causes, not limited to dampness and mold, using the same approach would be $24.8 billion for allergic rhinitis, $13.5 billion for acute bronchitis, $94.5 billion for asthma morbidity, and $10.8 billion for asthma mortality.
估计疾病总经济负担的两种基本方法是疾病成本法（COI）和支付意愿法（WTP）。WTP衡量的是社会的全部成本，但WTP估计值难以计算且很少可得。COI方法使用得更为频繁，但不太可能反映全部成本。本文尝试使用COI方法和在数据可得情况下的WTP来估计因接触潮湿和霉菌而导致的疾病的全部经济成本（2014年美元）。对替代方法和假设进行的有限敏感性分析表明，估计值的潜在范围很广。在最终估计中，因潮湿和霉菌导致的社会年度总成本估计为：过敏性鼻炎37亿美元（23亿 - 47亿美元），急性支气管炎19亿美元（11亿 - 23亿美元），哮喘发病151亿美元（94亿 - 206亿美元），哮喘死亡17亿美元（4亿 - 45亿美元）。使用相同方法计算的所有病因（不限于潮湿和霉菌）的相应成本为：过敏性鼻炎248亿美元，急性支气管炎135亿美元，哮喘发病945亿美元，哮喘死亡108亿美元。
