Hirsch T, Hering M, Bürkner K, Hirsch D, Leupold W, Kerkmann M L, Kuhlisch E, Jatzwauk L
Kinderklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Germany.
Allergy. 2000 Jan;55(1):79-83. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00250.x.
It has been hypothesized that changes in heating systems and insulation of homes in developed countries have generated an indoor climate favorable to organisms that excrete allergens inducing sensitization and allergic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the installation of highly insulated windows and central heating systems on indoor climate, and mite-allergen (Der f 1) and mold spore concentrations.
The bedrooms of 98 apartments were examined before and 7 months (mean) after installation of insulated windows and central heating systems. The air-exchange rate, temperature, and humidity were measured. In settled dust on carpets and mattresses, the number of colony-forming mold spores and the Der f 1 concentration were determined. The inhabitants completed a questionnaire about their lifestyles and housing conditions.
The air-exchange rate decreased from geometric mean 0.73 to 0.52 per hour (P=0.029). Temperature (mean 13.4 vs 17.5 degrees C, P<0.001), and absolute humidity (mean 4.6 g vs 6.2 g H2O/kg air, P<0.001) increased. Relative humidity remained nearly unchanged (mean 47.6 vs 49.1%). Der f 1 concentrations on carpets (geometric mean 0.65 vs 1.28 microg/g dust, P < 0.001) and mattresses (geometric mean 1.56 vs 2.40 microg/g, P=0.002) increased. Among the fungi that were analyzed, only the thermotolerant species Aspergillus fumigatus increased (geometric mean 20 vs. 60 colony-forming units/g carpet dust, P = 0.02).
The findings of this study suggest that the installation of insulated windows and central heating systems is associated with an increase of Der f 1 concentrations in carpet and mattress dust and of A. fumigatus in carpet dust in apartment bedrooms.
据推测，发达国家家庭供暖系统和房屋隔热的变化产生了有利于分泌变应原的生物体的室内气候，从而引发致敏和过敏性疾病。本研究的目的是确定安装高隔热窗户和中央供暖系统对室内气候、螨变应原（Der f 1）和霉菌孢子浓度的影响。
在安装隔热窗户和中央供暖系统之前及之后7个月（平均）对98套公寓的卧室进行检查。测量空气交换率、温度和湿度。测定地毯和床垫上的沉降灰尘中形成菌落的霉菌孢子数量和Der f 1浓度。居民填写了一份关于他们生活方式和住房条件的问卷。
空气交换率从几何平均值每小时0.73降至0.52（P = 0.029）。温度（平均13.4℃对17.5℃，P < 0.001）和绝对湿度（平均4.6克对6.2克水/千克空气，P < 0.001）升高。相对湿度几乎保持不变（平均47.6%对49.1%）。地毯上Der f 1浓度（几何平均值0.65对1.28微克/克灰尘，P < 0.001）和床垫上Der f 1浓度（几何平均值1.56对2.40微克/克，P = 0.002）升高。在所分析的真菌中，只有耐热菌种烟曲霉增加（几何平均值20对60菌落形成单位/克地毯灰尘，P = 0.02）。
本研究结果表明，安装隔热窗户和中央供暖系统与公寓卧室地毯和床垫灰尘中Der f 1浓度增加以及地毯灰尘中烟曲霉增加有关。
