Veluthambi Karuppannan, Sunitha Sukumaran
Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 9;12:645419. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645419. eCollection 2021.
Geminiviruses are plant DNA viruses that infect a wide range of plant species and cause significant losses to economically important food and fiber crops. The single-stranded geminiviral genome encodes a small number of proteins which act in an orchestrated manner to infect the host. The fewer proteins encoded by the virus are multifunctional, a mechanism uniquely evolved by the viruses to balance the genome-constraint. The host-mediated resistance against incoming virus includes post-transcriptional gene silencing, transcriptional gene silencing, and expression of defense responsive genes and other cellular regulatory genes. The pathogenicity property of a geminiviral protein is linked to its ability to suppress the host-mediated defense mechanism. This review discusses what is currently known about the targets and mechanism of the viral suppressor AC2/AL2/transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) and explore the biotechnological applications of AC2.
双生病毒是一类植物DNA病毒，可感染多种植物物种，并给具有重要经济价值的粮食和纤维作物造成重大损失。单链双生病毒基因组编码少量蛋白质，这些蛋白质协同作用以感染宿主。病毒编码的较少蛋白质具有多种功能，这是病毒独特进化出的一种机制，用于平衡基因组限制。宿主介导的对入侵病毒的抗性包括转录后基因沉默、转录基因沉默以及防御反应基因和其他细胞调节基因的表达。双生病毒蛋白的致病性与其抑制宿主介导的防御机制的能力有关。本综述讨论了目前关于病毒抑制因子AC2/AL2/转录激活蛋白（TrAP）的靶标和机制的已知信息，并探讨了AC2的生物技术应用。
