Tunis Med. 2021 Jan;99(1):38-45.
The objective of primary health care is to reduce mortality and morbidity. This kind of care was very efficient in communicable diseases, malnutrition and maternal and neonatal diseases; however, their impact on non communicable diseases and mental disorders control is not obvious. In Tunisia, primary health care was introduced in the early 1980s; a lot of progress were notified in particular in health of mothers and children in particular, but only slightly in non communicable diseases control and mental health promotion. Therefore, a new approach would be strongly recommended to remedy this situation. The Medical Periodic Check-up (MPC) implemented in North America would have a positive impact in the prevention and management of non communicable diseases. What would be the place of this MPC in primary health care in Tunisia? The MPC has two main objectives: the prevention of specific diseases and health promotion. However, despite its efficiency and usefulness, the MPC could be costly, especially for countries with limited resources. Current evidence suggests that the most appropriate approach would be to take periodic preventive health visits tailored to the level of risk. The frequency of visits depends on the age, sex and state of health of the individual. In conclusion, there are strong arguments in favor of the introduction of MPC in primary health care in Tunisia, especially among adults in non communicable diseases control strategy. However, it's highly be recommended that the BMC should be oriented according to the risk levels in order to optimize resources. It is also important to educate and the public, especially women and young adults, to benefit from periodic medical and dental examinations.
初级卫生保健的目标是降低死亡率和发病率。这种医疗保健在传染病、营养不良以及母婴和新生儿疾病方面非常有效;然而,其对非传染性疾病和精神障碍控制的影响并不明显。在突尼斯,初级卫生保健于 20 世纪 80 年代初引入;特别是在母婴健康方面取得了很大进展,但在非传染性疾病控制和精神卫生促进方面进展甚微。因此,强烈建议采取新方法来改善这种情况。在北美实施的医疗定期检查(MPC)将对非传染性疾病的预防和管理产生积极影响。那么,这种 MPC 在突尼斯的初级卫生保健中会处于什么位置呢?MPC 有两个主要目标:预防特定疾病和促进健康。然而,尽管其效率和有用性很高,但 MPC 可能会很昂贵,尤其是对于资源有限的国家来说。目前的证据表明,最适当的方法是根据风险水平进行定期的预防性健康访问。访问的频率取决于个人的年龄、性别和健康状况。总之,有强有力的理由支持在突尼斯的初级卫生保健中引入 MPC,特别是在非传染性疾病控制策略中针对成年人。然而,强烈建议 BMC 根据风险水平进行定向,以优化资源。教育公众,特别是妇女和年轻成年人,定期进行医疗和牙科检查以从中受益也很重要。