Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2022 Jan;64(1):e14755. doi: 10.1111/ped.14755.
In countries with mild winter climates and inadequate heating, the relationship between housing conditions and health outcomes in winter have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between heater type and temperature factors in the bedroom and incidence of the common cold among children in Japan.
In this prospective cohort study, we distributed baseline questionnaires and temperature loggers in December 2019 and administered follow-up questionnaires in March 2020. We recruited children under the age of 15 years. We performed Poisson regression analysis and logistic regression analysis.
Of 297 participants, air conditioners were the most prevalent (n = 105, 35%), followed by gas or kerosene heaters (n = 50, 17%), and floor heaters (n = 31, 10%). Air-conditioners were associated with higher incidence of all events related to the common cold, especially having a fever (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-2.40). Gas or kerosene and floor heaters showed a lower incidence rate of some events related to the common cold, such as school or nursery school absence (aIRR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37-0.82 and aIRR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23-0.67, respectively). Bedroom temperature did not show a positive association, but children who always felt cold showed a higher incidence of some events related to the common cold.
Our findings imply that the heating approach and modal thermal comfort, such as location of heating appliances, humidity, airflow, and radiant heat, may be more important for the onset of common cold in children than bedroom temperature itself.
在冬季气候温和且供暖不足的国家，住房条件与健康结果之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估日本儿童卧室供暖类型和温度因素与普通感冒发病率之间的关系。
在这项前瞻性队列研究中，我们于 2019 年 12 月分发了基线问卷和温度记录仪，并于 2020 年 3 月进行了随访问卷。我们招募了 15 岁以下的儿童。我们进行了泊松回归分析和逻辑回归分析。
在 297 名参与者中，空调最为常见（n=105，35%），其次是燃气或煤油取暖器（n=50，17%）和地板取暖器（n=31，10%）。空调与所有与普通感冒相关事件的发病率较高有关，尤其是发热（调整发病率比（aIRR）=1.84，95%置信区间（CI）：1.41-2.40）。燃气或煤油取暖器和地板取暖器显示出较低的一些与普通感冒相关事件的发病率，例如不上学或幼儿园（aIRR=0.55，95%CI：0.37-0.82 和 aIRR=0.39，95%CI：0.23-0.67）。卧室温度没有显示出正相关，但总是感到寒冷的儿童普通感冒相关事件的发病率较高。
我们的研究结果表明，取暖方式和模式热舒适度（如取暖设备的位置、湿度、气流和辐射热）可能比卧室温度本身对儿童普通感冒的发生更为重要。
