[The international participation in organization of production of antibiotics in the USSR: "The penicillin project" of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (1946-1947)].

On the basis of declassified materials from the Russian State Archive of Economics and State Archive of the Russian Federation, for the first time, the history of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) project for the supply of penicillin factories in the post-war years to two republics of the USSR - Ukraine and Belarus is considered. It is shown that the project initially had political significance, since the demonstration of humane intentions served to strengthen the political authority of the United States. However, despite the declaration, the Anglo-American leadership of UNRRA approached the implementation of the project formally and hardly planned its completion. This was expressed in non-compliance with requirements for completeness of equipment, violation of delivery deadlines, constant attempts to reduce and contain them, in non-supplying adequate technical documentation and specialists for setting up production. The delay in the delivery time of equipment resulted in its rapid moral obsolescence. The modernization of partially supplied factories was impeded by embargo on the export of advanced industrial equipment from the United States having strategic importance. The incompleteness of the project contributed to further split in international relations.