Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 27;223(12 Suppl 2):S55-S60. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa582.
The transmission of Plasmodium parasites in residual foci is currently a major roadblock for malaria elimination. Human activities and behavior, along with outdoor biting mosquitoes with opportunistic feeding preferences are the main causes of the inefficacy of the main vector control interventions, long lasting insecticide-impregnated nets and insecticide residual spraying. Several strategies to abate or repel outdoor biting mosquito vectors are currently being researched, but the impact of insecticide resistance on the efficacy of these and current indoor-applied insecticides requires further assessment. Understanding the human, ecological and vector factors, determining transmission in residual foci is necessary for the design and implementation of novel control strategies. Vector control alone is insufficient without adequate epidemiological surveillance and prompt treatment of malaria cases, the participation of endemic communities in prevention and control is required. In addition, malaria control programs should optimize their structure and organization, and their coordination with other government sectors.
目前，疟原虫在残留疫源地的传播是消除疟疾的主要障碍。人类活动和行为，以及具有机会性觅食偏好的户外叮咬蚊子，是主要媒介控制干预措施（长效驱虫蚊帐和杀虫剂残留喷洒）效果不佳的主要原因。目前正在研究几种减轻或驱除户外叮咬蚊子媒介的策略，但杀虫剂耐药性对这些策略和当前室内应用杀虫剂的效果的影响需要进一步评估。了解人类、生态和媒介因素，确定残留疫源地的传播情况，对于设计和实施新的控制策略是必要的。如果没有充分的流行病学监测和及时治疗疟疾病例，以及流行地区社区参与预防和控制，仅靠媒介控制是不够的。此外，疟疾控制规划应优化其结构和组织，并与其他政府部门协调。
