Sin Isabelle, Bruce-Brand Bronwyn, Chambers Charlotte Nesta Louise
Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.
BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 27;11(4):e045214. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045214.
To estimate the gender gap in hourly wages earned by medical specialists in their main jobs after controlling for age, number of hours worked and medical specialty.
Observational using governmental administrative and survey data.
New Zealand public employed medical workforce.
3510 medical specialists who were employed for wages or a salary in a medical capacity by a New Zealand district health board (DHB) at the time of the March 2013 census, whose census responses on hours worked were complete and can be matched to tax records of earnings to construct hourly earnings.
Hourly earnings in the DHB job calculated from usual weekly hours worked reported in the census and wage or salary earnings paid in the month recorded in administrative tax data.
In their DHB employment, female specialists earned on average 12.5% lower hourly wages than their male counterparts of the same age, in the same specialty, who work the same number of hours (95% CI 9.9% to 15.1%). Adding controls for a wide range of personal and work characteristics decreased the estimated gap only slightly to 11.2% (95% CI 8.6% to 13.8%). At most, 4.5 percentage points can be explained by gender differences in experience at the same age.
Male specialists earn a large and statistically significant premium over their female colleagues. Age, specialty and hours of work do not appear to drive these wage gaps. These findings suggest that employment agreements that specify minimum wages for each level of experience, and progression through these levels, are insufficient to eliminate gender wage gaps between similar men and women with the same experience.
在控制年龄、工作时长和医学专业等因素后，估算医学专科医生主要工作的小时工资性别差距。
利用政府行政和调查数据进行观察性研究。
新西兰公共部门受雇的医疗劳动力。
在2013年3月人口普查时，受雇于新西兰地区卫生委员会（DHB）以医疗身份领取工资或薪水的3510名医学专科医生，其在人口普查中关于工作时长的回答完整，且可与收入纳税记录匹配以构建小时收入。
根据人口普查报告的通常每周工作时长以及行政税务数据记录的当月工资或薪水收入计算得出的DHB工作的小时收入。
在DHB工作中，女性专科医生的小时工资平均比同年龄、同专业且工作时长相同的男性同行低12.5%（95%置信区间为9.9%至15.1%）。加入一系列个人和工作特征的控制因素后，估计差距仅略有下降，至11.2%（95%置信区间为8.6%至13.8%）。在同一年龄段，经验上的性别差异最多可解释4.5个百分点。
男性专科医生的收入比女性同事高出很多，且在统计学上具有显著差异。年龄、专业和工作时长似乎并非导致这些工资差距的原因。这些发现表明，规定各经验水平最低工资及晋升路径的雇佣协议，不足以消除具有相同经验的类似男女之间的性别工资差距。
