Clinical Research Centre Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 28;16(4):e0250627. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250627. eCollection 2021.
Healthy lifestyle habits formed during young adulthood may have a sustaining impact on health across later life. The current study aimed to test the theoretical model of factors (selected demographic variables, knowledge of heart disease, health belief related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), self-efficacy, cues to action, and screening intention) influencing health-promoting behaviours among Malaysian university students.
In a cross-sectional survey, the undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia were invited to complete the self-administered questionnaires. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. The proposed hypothesised model was analysed using a structural equation modelling with Mplus 7.3 program. A total of 788 (70.7% female) undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.2 (SD = 1.02) participated in the study. The primary outcome of knowledge, health beliefs, and health-promoting behaviours related to CVD were measured by questionnaires namely: Knowledge of Heart Disease, Health Beliefs Related to CVD, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profiles-II.
The final hypothetical structural model showed a good fit to the data based on several fit indices: with comparative fit index (CFI) at .921, standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) at .037, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) at .044 (90% CI: .032, .054). The final structural model supported 13 significant path estimates. These variables explained 12% of the total variance in health-promoting behaviours. Through perceived benefits, total knowledge had an indirect effect on health-promoting behaviours.
The results suggest that perceived barriers, perceived benefits, family history of CVD, and screening intention enable young adults to engage in health-promoting behaviours.
在年轻成年时期养成的健康生活习惯可能会对以后的生活健康产生持续影响。本研究旨在检验影响马来西亚大学生促进健康行为的因素（选择人口统计学变量、心脏病知识、与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的健康信念、自我效能感、行动线索和筛查意向）理论模型。
在横断面调查中，邀请马来西亚理科大学的本科生完成自填式问卷。采用目的抽样法选择参与者。使用 Mplus 7.3 程序对提出的假设模型进行结构方程建模分析。共有 788 名（70.7%为女性）平均年龄为 20.2（SD = 1.02）的本科生参与了这项研究。知识、与 CVD 相关的健康信念和促进健康行为的主要结果通过以下问卷进行测量：心脏病知识量表、与 CVD 相关的健康信念量表和健康促进生活方式量表-II。
根据几个拟合指数，最终的假设结构模型显示出与数据良好的拟合度：比较拟合指数（CFI）为.921，标准化均方根残差（SRMR）为.037，近似均方根误差（RMSEA）为.044（90%CI：.032，.054）。最终的结构模型支持 13 个显著的路径估计。这些变量解释了促进健康行为总方差的 12%。通过感知益处，总知识对健康促进行为有间接影响。
研究结果表明，感知障碍、感知益处、CVD 家族史和筛查意向使年轻人能够采取促进健康的行为。
