Viswanath K, Bekalu Mesfin, Dhawan Dhriti, Pinnamaneni Ramya, Lang Jenna, McLoud Rachel
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Apr 28;21(1):818. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10862-1.
COVID-19 has had a devastating impact and efforts are being made to speed up vaccinations. The growing problem of vaccine hesitancy may affect the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine. We examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with vaccines uptake.
Data come from a nationwide online probability-based panel of 1012 representative adults in the United States and the survey was conducted before the vaccines were available. People under the federal poverty level and racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Our outcome variables of interest were likelihood of vaccinating self and likelihood of vaccinating people under one's care (such as children) measuring behavioral intentions. Independent variables included perceptions of risk, exposure to different media for COVID-19 news, political party identification, confidence in scientists and social determinants of health. Logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the effects of independent variables on the two outcome variables.
The results indicated that 68 and 65% agreed to get the vaccine for themselves and people under their care, respectively. Risk perceptions (severity of and susceptibility to COVID-19) were significantly associated with vaccine uptake. People who relied on "conservative" news outlets, Republicans, and who had low confidence in scientists are least likely to vaccinate self or children. Non-Hispanic Blacks and those with least schooling were also less likely to receive vaccine for themselves or people in their care.
Our study identified race/ethnicity, risk perceptions, exposure to different media for COVID-19 news, party identification and confidence in scientists as factors that would be affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The good news is that these are addressable through strategic public health communications, but a lot of work remains to be done with some urgency.
新冠疫情产生了毁灭性影响，目前正在努力加快疫苗接种速度。疫苗犹豫问题日益严重，可能会影响新冠疫苗的接种率。我们研究了与疫苗接种相关的个人、沟通和社会决定因素。
数据来自美国一个基于概率的全国性在线代表性成年人样本小组，共1012人，调查在疫苗可用之前进行。对联邦贫困线以下人群以及少数族裔进行了过度抽样。我们感兴趣的结果变量是自我接种疫苗的可能性以及为其照顾的人（如儿童）接种疫苗的可能性，以此衡量行为意图。自变量包括风险认知、接触不同的新冠疫情新闻媒体、政党认同、对科学家的信心以及健康的社会决定因素。采用逻辑回归分析来确定自变量对两个结果变量的影响。
结果表明，分别有68%和65%的人同意为自己和其照顾的人接种疫苗。风险认知（新冠疫情的严重性和易感性）与疫苗接种显著相关。依赖“保守派”新闻媒体的人、共和党人以及对科学家信心较低的人最不可能为自己或儿童接种疫苗。非西班牙裔黑人以及受教育程度最低的人也不太可能为自己或其照顾的人接种疫苗。
我们的研究确定了种族/族裔、风险认知、接触不同的新冠疫情新闻媒体、政党认同以及对科学家的信心是影响新冠疫苗接种的因素。好消息是，这些因素可以通过战略性公共卫生宣传来解决，但仍有许多工作亟待紧急开展。
