Hager Lisa, Averbeck Beate, Voelcker-Rehage Claudia, Kutz Dieter F
Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Apr 29;13(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00273-5.
Compared with the normal adult population, athletes of several sport disciplines, such as endurance sports, ball sports, cycling and swimming, have higher use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTC analgesics). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of OTC analgesic use in volleyball players as a typical competitive sport discipline. One particular focus was placed on the analysis whether the athletes' use of OTC analgesics was influenced by their performance motivation.
A cross-sectional survey among amateur volleyball players was carried out using a web-based sports questionnaire. The study included athletes of both sexes, 18 years and older, currently playing in a German volleyball league. The athletes' sport-related complaints were evaluated regarding the use of OTC analgesics. The use of OTC analgesics by athletes was compared with their performance motivation, based on the "Achievement Motives Scale - Sport" (AMS-Sport) questionnaire.
The analysis of 114 completed questionnaires of amateur athletes revealed that the use of OTC analgesics was sex dependent, with a higher prevalence of use in female players (60%) versus male players (38%). The main reasons for consumption of OTC analgesics were pain in the head, knee and shoulder. The most frequently taken drug was ibuprofen, most often taken at competitions and over a period of 4 years (median). The analysis of the AMS-Sport questionnaire revealed that a logistic regression model for estimating the probability of drug use can be explained by the factors hope of success and years of playing practise in female players but not male players. In females, an increase in the factor hope of success resulted in a lower probability of OTC analgesic use, while an increase in years of playing practise resulted in a higher probability of use.
The average duration that volleyball players in this study took OTC analgesics was higher than that of the German population, and OTC analgesic use was more prevalent in female than male volleyball players. Thus, to reduce the prevalence of OTC analgesic use, educational programs should be implemented in sports teams; and, to reduce direct and indirect social pressure, sports teams should also receive sex-specific psychological support.
与正常成年人群相比，耐力运动、球类运动、自行车运动和游泳等多个运动项目的运动员使用非处方镇痛药（OTC镇痛药）的频率更高。本研究的目的是描述排球运动员作为一种典型竞技运动项目中OTC镇痛药的使用流行病学情况。特别关注分析运动员使用OTC镇痛药是否受其表现动机的影响。
使用基于网络的体育问卷对业余排球运动员进行横断面调查。该研究纳入了年龄在18岁及以上、目前在德国排球联赛中参赛的男女运动员。就OTC镇痛药的使用情况对运动员与运动相关的不适进行了评估。根据“运动成就动机量表”（AMS - Sport）问卷，将运动员使用OTC镇痛药的情况与其表现动机进行比较。
对114份业余运动员填写完整的问卷分析显示，OTC镇痛药的使用存在性别差异，女性运动员的使用率（60%）高于男性运动员（38%）。使用OTC镇痛药的主要原因是头部、膝盖和肩部疼痛。最常服用的药物是布洛芬，最常在比赛期间服用，且服用时间中位数为4年。对AMS - Sport问卷的分析表明，估计药物使用概率的逻辑回归模型在女性运动员中可由成功希望和比赛年限因素解释，但在男性运动员中则不然。在女性中，成功希望因素增加会导致OTC镇痛药使用概率降低，而比赛年限增加则会导致使用概率升高。
本研究中排球运动员使用OTC镇痛药的平均时长高于德国人群，且女性排球运动员中OTC镇痛药的使用比男性更为普遍。因此，为降低OTC镇痛药的使用 prevalence，应在运动队中实施教育项目；并且，为减少直接和间接的社会压力，运动队还应获得针对性别的心理支持。
