Koirala Ananta, Bhandari Priyanka, Shewade Hemant Deepak, Tao Wenjing, Thapa Badri, Terry Robert, Zachariah Rony, Karki Surendra
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 5;6(2):47. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020047.
Inappropriate antibiotic use in food-producing animals is associated with the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. In industrial broiler poultry farms in three districts of Kathmandu valley, Nepal, we assessed antibiotic use prevalence, and their classes, types, and quantities. A cross-sectional questionnaire study involving field visits to large poultry farms (flock size ≥ 3000) of the Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur districts was conducted. Of 30 farms (total flock size 104,200; range 3000-6000), prevalence of antibiotic use was 90% (95% CI: 73-98%). Six (22%) farms used antibiotics as prophylaxis, while 21 (78%) used it for therapeutics. Seven antibiotics from six classes (including quinolones, macrolides, and polymyxins) were used. The most commonly used antibiotics were tylosin (47%), colistin (47%), and dual therapies with neomycin and doxycycline (33%). A total of 50,000 grams of antibiotics (total weight including active and inactive ingredients) were used (0.5 grams/chicken/45 days of flock life) with eight (26%) farms using more than two antibiotics. No farms had records on clinical indications for prophylaxis or treatment. No post-mortem records of sick birds were available. Prevalence of antibiotic use in broiler farms of Kathmandu valley is high and includes "highest priority critically important antibiotics" for human use, with direct implications on public health.
食用动物不适当使用抗生素与抗生素耐药性的出现和传播有关。在尼泊尔加德满都谷地三个地区的工业肉鸡养殖场，我们评估了抗生素的使用流行率及其类别、类型和数量。开展了一项横断面问卷调查研究，对加德满都、巴克塔普尔和莱利普尔地区的大型家禽养殖场（鸡群规模≥3000只）进行实地走访。在30个养殖场（鸡群总规模104,200只；范围为3000 - 6000只）中，抗生素使用流行率为90%（95%置信区间：73 - 98%）。六个养殖场（22%）将抗生素用于预防，而21个养殖场（78%）将其用于治疗。使用了来自六个类别的七种抗生素（包括喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和多粘菌素类）。最常用的抗生素是泰乐菌素（47%）、黏菌素（47%）以及新霉素和强力霉素的联合疗法（33%）。总共使用了50,000克抗生素（包括活性成分和非活性成分的总重量）（每只鸡在45天的鸡群饲养期内使用0.5克），八个养殖场（26%）使用了两种以上抗生素。没有养殖场记录预防或治疗的临床指征。没有病死鸡的剖检记录。加德满都谷地肉鸡养殖场抗生素使用流行率很高，且包括对人类使用的“最高优先级至关重要的抗生素”，这对公众健康有直接影响。
