Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100-Caserta, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Apr 7;13(4):263. doi: 10.3390/toxins13040263.
Ageritin is a specific ribonuclease, extracted from the edible mushroom (synonym ), which cleaves a single phosphodiester bond located within the universally conserved alpha-sarcin loop (SRL) of 23-28S rRNAs. This cleavage leads to the inhibition of protein biosynthesis, followed by cellular death through apoptosis. The structural and enzymatic properties show that Ageritin is the prototype of a novel specific ribonucleases family named 'ribotoxin-like proteins', recently found in fruiting bodies of other edible basidiomycetes mushrooms (e.g., Ostreatin from , Edulitins from , and Gambositin from ). Although the putative role of this toxin, present in high amount in fruiting body (>2.5 mg per 100 g) of is unknown, its antifungal and insecticidal actions strongly support a role in defense mechanisms. Thus, in this review, we focus on structural, biological, antipathogenic, and enzymatic characteristics of this ribotoxin-like protein. We also highlight its biological relevance and potential biotechnological applications in agriculture as a bio-pesticide and in biomedicine as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent.
ageritin 是一种从食用蘑菇（同义词）中提取的特定核糖核酸酶，可切割 23-28S rRNAs 中普遍保守的 alpha-sarcin 环（SRL）内的单个磷酸二酯键。这种切割导致蛋白质生物合成的抑制，随后通过细胞凋亡导致细胞死亡。结构和酶学特性表明，ageritin 是一种新型特定核糖核酸酶家族的原型，该家族名为“类核糖体毒素蛋白”，最近在其他食用担子菌蘑菇的子实体中发现（例如，来自 ostrea 的 ostreatin、来自 edulis 的 edulitins 和来自 Gambos 的 Gambositin）。虽然这种毒素在 （>100g 中含有 2.5mg 以上）的子实体中含量很高，但它的抗真菌和杀虫作用强烈支持它在防御机制中的作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了这种类核糖体毒素蛋白的结构、生物学、抗病原体和酶学特性。我们还强调了它在农业作为生物农药和在生物医学作为治疗和诊断剂方面的生物学相关性和潜在的生物技术应用。
