Bolesławska Izabela, Górna Ilona, Sobota Marta, Bolesławska-Król Natasza, Przysławski Juliusz, Szymański Marcin
Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Street, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Foods. 2024 Aug 20;13(16):2612. doi: 10.3390/foods13162612.
The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine the content of bioactive components in the fruiting bodies of four previously unstudied mushroom species: , , , , their antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols, minerals and heavy metals.
Determination of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out in addition to thermogravimetric determinations, quantitative determination of total polyphenols by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, determination of antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbentiazoline sulphonated] (ATBS). In addition, spectrometric analysis of selected minerals and heavy metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
The mushrooms analysed varied in terms of their bioactive constituents. They contained components with varying effects on human health, including fatty acids, oleamide, 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methyl ester of oleic acid, deoxyspergualin, 2-methylenocholestan-3-ol, hexadecanoamide, isoallochan, 2,6-diaminopurine, and adenine. All contained polyphenols and varying amounts of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, copper, silicon and manganese) and exhibited antioxidant properties of varying potency. No exceedances of the permissible concentration of lead and cadmium were observed in any of them.
All of the mushrooms studied can provide material for the extraction of various bioactive compounds with physiological effects. In addition, the presence of polyphenols and minerals, as well as antioxidant properties and the absence of exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals, indicate that these species could be interesting material in the design of foods with health-promoting properties, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. However, the use of the fruiting bodies of these mushrooms requires mandatory toxicological and clinical studies.
本研究的目的是初步测定四种此前未研究过的蘑菇物种子实体中的生物活性成分含量:[此处蘑菇名称缺失]、[此处蘑菇名称缺失]、[此处蘑菇名称缺失]、[此处蘑菇名称缺失],它们的抗氧化活性以及多酚、矿物质和重金属的含量。
除热重测定外,还通过气相色谱 - 质谱法测定活性化合物,使用福林 - 西奥尔特试剂通过分光光度法对总多酚进行定量测定,使用2,2 - 二苯基 - 1 - 苦基肼自由基(DPPH)和2,2'- 偶氮二 - [3 - 乙基苯并噻唑啉磺酸盐](ATBS)测定抗氧化活性。此外,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP - OES)对选定的矿物质和重金属进行光谱分析。
所分析的蘑菇在生物活性成分方面存在差异。它们含有对人体健康有不同影响的成分,包括脂肪酸、油酰胺、1,2 - 二棕榈酰甘油、油酸(2 - 苯基 - 1,3 - 二氧戊环 - 4 - 基)甲酯、去氧精胍菌素、2 - 亚甲基胆甾烷 - 3 - 醇、十六酰胺、异阿洛查宁、2,6 - 二氨基嘌呤和腺嘌呤。所有蘑菇都含有多酚以及不同含量的矿物质(钙、镁、铁、锌、钾、磷、钠、铜、硅和锰),并表现出不同强度的抗氧化特性。在任何一种蘑菇中均未观察到铅和镉的含量超过允许浓度。
所有研究的蘑菇都可为提取具有生理作用的各种生物活性化合物提供原料。此外,多酚和矿物质的存在、抗氧化特性以及未超过重金属允许浓度表明,这些物种可能是设计具有促进健康特性的食品、营养保健品或膳食补充剂的有趣材料。然而,使用这些蘑菇的子实体需要进行强制性的毒理学和临床研究。