Oskolkov Alexander, Bezukladnikov Igor, Trushnikov Dmitriy
Department of Welding Production, Metrology and Technology of Material, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Prospect, 614990 Perm, Russia.
Department of Automation and Telemechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Prospect, 614990 Perm, Russia.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Apr 6;21(7):2561. doi: 10.3390/s21072561.
One of the biggest challenges of fused deposition modeling (FDM)/fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D-printing is maintaining consistent quality of layer-to-layer adhesion, and on the larger scale, homogeneity of material inside the whole printed object. An approach for mitigating and/or resolving those problems, based on the rapid and reliable control of the extruded material temperature during the printing process, was proposed. High frequency induction heating of the nozzle with a minimum mass (<1 g) was used. To ensure the required dynamic characteristics of heating and cooling processes in a high power (peak power > 300 W) heating system, an indirect (eddy current) temperature measurement method was proposed. It is based on dynamic analysis over various temperature-dependent parameters directly in the process of heating. To ensure better temperature measurement accuracy, a series-parallel resonant circuit containing an induction heating coil, an approach of desired signal detection, algorithms for digital signal processing and a regression model that determines the dependence of the desired signal on temperature and magnetic field strength were proposed. The testbed system designed to confirm the results of the conducted research showed the effectiveness of the proposed indirect measurement method. With an accuracy of ±3 °C, the measurement time is 20 ms in the operating temperature range from 50 to 350 °C. The designed temperature control system based on an indirect measurement method will provide high mechanical properties and consistent quality of printed objects.
熔融沉积建模（FDM）/熔丝制造（FFF）3D打印面临的最大挑战之一是保持层间附着力的质量一致性，以及在更大尺度上保持整个打印物体内部材料的均匀性。本文提出了一种基于在打印过程中快速可靠地控制挤出材料温度来减轻和/或解决这些问题的方法。采用了对最小质量（<1 g）的喷嘴进行高频感应加热。为确保高功率（峰值功率>300 W）加热系统中加热和冷却过程所需的动态特性，提出了一种间接（涡流）温度测量方法。该方法基于在加热过程中直接对各种与温度相关的参数进行动态分析。为确保更好的温度测量精度，提出了一种包含感应加热线圈的串并联谐振电路、一种期望信号检测方法、数字信号处理算法以及一个确定期望信号与温度和磁场强度之间依赖关系的回归模型。为验证所开展研究结果而设计的试验台系统表明了所提出的间接测量方法的有效性。在50至350°C的工作温度范围内，测量精度为±3°C，测量时间为20 ms。基于间接测量方法设计的温度控制系统将为打印物体提供高机械性能和一致的质量。
