Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Gene Structure and Function, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 8;22(8):3856. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083856.
White lupin ( L.) is a pulse annual plant cultivated from the tropics to temperate regions for its high-protein grain as well as a cover crop or green manure. Wild populations are typically late flowering and have high vernalization requirements. Nevertheless, some early flowering and thermoneutral accessions were found in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining flowering time variance were identified in bi-parental population mapping, however, phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the world collection has not been addressed yet. In this study, a diverse set of white lupin accessions ( = 160) was phenotyped for time to flowering in a controlled environment and genotyped with PCR-based markers ( = 50) tagging major QTLs and selected homologs of photoperiod and vernalization pathway genes. This survey highlighted quantitative control of flowering time in white lupin, providing statistically significant associations for all major QTLs and numerous regulatory genes, including white lupin homologs of , , , , , , and . This revealed the complexity of flowering control in white lupin, dispersed among numerous loci localized on several chromosomes, provided economic justification for future genome-wide association studies or genomic selection rather than relying on simple marker-assisted selection.
白 Lupinus（L.）是一种豆科一年生植物，从热带到温带地区种植，因其高蛋白谷物以及覆盖作物或绿肥而受到重视。野生种群通常开花较晚，对春化作用的要求较高。然而，在地中海盆地发现了一些早花和适温的品种。最近，在双亲群体作图中鉴定了解释开花时间变异的数量性状位点（QTLs），然而，尚未解决世界品种资源的表型和基因型多样性问题。在这项研究中，对一组多样化的白 Lupinus 品种（=160）进行了开花时间的表型分析，并采用基于 PCR 的标记（=50）对其进行了基因型分析，这些标记标记了主要的 QTLs 和光周期和春化途径基因的选定同源物。该调查强调了白 Lupinus 开花时间的数量控制，为所有主要 QTL 和许多调节基因提供了统计学上显著的关联，包括白 Lupinus 同源物、、、、、、和。这揭示了白 Lupinus 开花控制的复杂性，分散在许多位于不同染色体上的位点，为未来的全基因组关联研究或基因组选择提供了经济上的合理性，而不是仅仅依赖于简单的标记辅助选择。
