Thi Thai Thanh Hoang, Suys Estelle J A, Lee Jung Seok, Nguyen Dai Hai, Park Ki Dong, Truong Nghia P
Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Apr 8;9(4):359. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9040359.
COVID-19 vaccines have been developed with unprecedented speed which would not have been possible without decades of fundamental research on delivery nanotechnology. Lipid-based nanoparticles have played a pivotal role in the successes of COVID-19 vaccines and many other nanomedicines, such as Doxil and Onpattro, and have therefore been considered as the frontrunner in nanoscale drug delivery systems. In this review, we aim to highlight the progress in the development of these lipid nanoparticles for various applications, ranging from cancer nanomedicines to COVID-19 vaccines. The lipid-based nanoparticles discussed in this review are liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers. We particularly focus on the innovations that have obtained regulatory approval or that are in clinical trials. We also discuss the physicochemical properties required for specific applications, highlight the differences in requirements for the delivery of different cargos, and introduce current challenges that need further development. This review serves as a useful guideline for designing new lipid nanoparticles for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines including immunotherapies.
新冠疫苗以前所未有的速度研发出来，若没有数十年来对递送纳米技术的基础研究，这是不可能实现的。基于脂质的纳米颗粒在新冠疫苗以及许多其他纳米药物（如多西紫杉醇脂质体和帕罗韦德）的成功中发挥了关键作用，因此被视为纳米级药物递送系统的领跑者。在这篇综述中，我们旨在突出这些脂质纳米颗粒在从癌症纳米药物到新冠疫苗等各种应用开发方面取得的进展。本综述中讨论的基于脂质的纳米颗粒包括脂质体、非离子型脂质体、传递体、固体脂质纳米颗粒和纳米结构脂质载体。我们特别关注已获得监管批准或正在进行临床试验的创新成果。我们还讨论了特定应用所需的物理化学性质，强调了递送不同货物的要求差异，并介绍了需要进一步发展的当前挑战。这篇综述为设计用于预防性和治疗性疫苗（包括免疫疗法）的新型脂质纳米颗粒提供了有用的指导。
