Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, 141701 Moscow, Russia.
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 9;11(4):550. doi: 10.3390/biom11040550.
Incorrect reparation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) leading to chromosomal rearrangements is one of oncogenesis's primary causes. Recently published data elucidate the key role of various types of RNA in DSB formation, recognition and repair. With growing interest in RNA biology, increasing RNAs are classified as crucial at the different stages of the main pathways of DSB repair in eukaryotic cells: nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). Gene mutations or variation in expression levels of such RNAs can lead to local DNA repair defects, increasing the chromosome aberration frequency. Moreover, it was demonstrated that some RNAs could stimulate long-range chromosomal rearrangements. In this review, we discuss recent evidence demonstrating the role of various RNAs in DSB formation and repair. We also consider how RNA may mediate certain chromosomal rearrangements in a sequence-specific manner.
导致染色体重排的 DNA 双链断裂（DSB）修复错误是致癌作用的主要原因之一。最近发表的数据阐明了各种类型的 RNA 在 DSB 形成、识别和修复中的关键作用。随着人们对 RNA 生物学的兴趣日益增加，越来越多的 RNA 被归类为真核细胞 DSB 修复主要途径的不同阶段的关键：非同源末端连接（NHEJ）和同源定向修复（HDR）。这些 RNA 的基因突变或表达水平的变化可导致局部 DNA 修复缺陷，增加染色体畸变频率。此外，已经证明一些 RNA 可以刺激长距离染色体重排。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的证据，证明了各种 RNA 在 DSB 形成和修复中的作用。我们还考虑了 RNA 如何以序列特异性方式介导某些染色体重排。
