Qaid Mohammed M, Al-Garadi Maged A
Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Thamar University, Dhamar 13020, Yemen.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 19;11(4):1167. doi: 10.3390/ani11041167.
This review examined the influence of environmental heat stress, a concern facing modern broiler producers, on protein metabolism and broiler performance, as well as the physiological mechanisms that activate and control or minimize the detrimental impacts of stress. In addition, available scientific papers that focused on amino acids (AA) digestibility under stress conditions were analyzed. Furthermore, AA supplementation, a good strategy to enhance broiler thermotolerance, amelioration, or stress control, by keeping stress at optimal levels rather than its elimination, plays an important role in the success of poultry breeding. Poultry maintain homeothermy, and their response to heat stress is mainly due to elevated ambient temperature and the failure of effective heat loss, which causes a considerable negative economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, typically observed during heat stress, was the primary driver for meat production loss. However, accumulating evidence indicates that heat stress influences poultry metabolism and endocrine profiles independently of reduced feed intake. In conclusion, high ambient temperatures significantly reduced dietary AA intake, which in turn reduced protein deposition and growth in broilers. Further studies are required to determine the quantity of the AA needed in warm and hot climates and to introduce genetic tools for animal breeding associated with the heat stress in chickens.
本综述探讨了环境热应激（现代肉鸡生产者面临的一个问题）对蛋白质代谢和肉鸡生产性能的影响，以及激活并控制或最小化应激有害影响的生理机制。此外，还分析了关注应激条件下氨基酸（AA）消化率的现有科学论文。此外，通过将应激保持在最佳水平而非消除应激，补充氨基酸是提高肉鸡耐热性、改善或控制应激的良好策略，在禽类养殖成功中发挥着重要作用。家禽维持体温恒定，它们对热应激的反应主要是由于环境温度升高和有效散热失败，这对全球家禽业造成了相当大的负面经济影响。热应激期间通常观察到的采食量减少是肉类产量损失的主要驱动因素。然而，越来越多的证据表明，热应激独立于采食量减少而影响家禽代谢和内分泌状况。总之，高环境温度显著降低了日粮中氨基酸的摄入量，进而减少了肉鸡的蛋白质沉积和生长。需要进一步研究来确定温暖和炎热气候下所需的氨基酸量，并引入与鸡热应激相关的动物育种基因工具。
