Carrasco-León Arantxa, Amundarain Ane, Gómez-Echarte Nahia, Prósper Felipe, Agirre Xabier
Área de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII-55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Apr 20;13(8):1976. doi: 10.3390/cancers13081976.
MM is a hematological neoplasm that is still considered an incurable disease. Besides established genetic alterations, recent studies have shown that MM pathogenesis is also characterized by epigenetic aberrations, such as the gain of de novo active chromatin marks in promoter and enhancer regions and extensive DNA hypomethylation of intergenic regions, highlighting the relevance of these non-coding genomic regions. A recent study described how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) correspond to 82% of the MM transcriptome and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of deregulation of lncRNAs in MM. In this review we focus on the deregulated lncRNAs in MM, including their biological or functional mechanisms, their role as biomarkers to improve the prognosis and monitoring of MM patients, and their participation in drug resistance. Furthermore, we also discuss the evidence supporting the role of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets through different novel RNA-based strategies.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种血液系统肿瘤，目前仍被认为是一种无法治愈的疾病。除了已确定的基因改变外，最近的研究表明，MM的发病机制还具有表观遗传异常的特征，例如启动子和增强子区域出现新生活性染色质标记以及基因间区域广泛的DNA低甲基化，这凸显了这些非编码基因组区域的相关性。最近一项研究描述了长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）占MM转录组的82%，并且越来越多的研究证明了MM中lncRNA失调的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注MM中失调的lncRNA，包括它们的生物学或功能机制、作为生物标志物改善MM患者预后和监测的作用以及它们在耐药性中的参与情况。此外，我们还讨论了支持lncRNA通过不同的基于RNA的新策略作为治疗靶点的证据。
