Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 28;22(9):4685. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094685.
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates appetite and body mass and has many other pleiotropic functions, including regulating kidney function. Increased evidence shows that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hyperleptinemia, but the reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, we focused on potential causes of hyperleptinemia in patients with CKD and the effects of elevated serum leptin levels on patient kidney function and cardiovascular risk. The available data indicate that the increased concentration of leptin in the blood of CKD patients may result from both decreased leptin elimination from the circulation by the kidneys (due to renal dysfunction) and increased leptin production by the adipose tissue. The overproduction of leptin by the adipose tissue could result from: (a) hyperinsulinemia; (b) chronic inflammation; and (c) significant lipid disturbances in CKD patients. Elevated leptin in CKD patients may further deteriorate kidney function and lead to increased cardiovascular risk.
瘦素是一种脂肪细胞因子，可调节食欲和体重，具有许多其他多效性功能，包括调节肾功能。越来越多的证据表明，慢性肾脏病（CKD）与高瘦素血症有关，但这种现象的原因尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 CKD 患者高瘦素血症的潜在原因，以及血清瘦素水平升高对患者肾功能和心血管风险的影响。现有数据表明，CKD 患者血液中瘦素浓度的增加可能是由于肾脏（由于肾功能障碍）从循环中清除瘦素减少和脂肪组织产生瘦素增加所致。脂肪组织中瘦素的过度产生可能源于：（a）高胰岛素血症；（b）慢性炎症；和（c）CKD 患者的脂质显著紊乱。CKD 患者的瘦素升高可能进一步恶化肾功能，并导致心血管风险增加。
