Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 27;22(9):4589. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094589.
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host-environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
肥大细胞（MCs）作为速发型过敏反应的关键效应细胞而广为人知，甚至可能导致危及生命的过敏性休克综合征。然而，MC strategically positioned at the host-environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors ，在宿主防御病原体的第一线中也发挥着重要作用。它们的主要特征是在分泌颗粒中嵌入大量预先形成的促炎介质，从而能够快速响应并启动进一步的免疫效应细胞募集。然而，同样的机制可能导致有害的过度反应。MCs 在 MC 驱动的疾病中不仅有害，而且在其他炎症性疾病中也会导致疾病恶化。本文以皮肤作为最大的免疫器官为重点，综述了皮肤 MCs 的有益和有害功能，从皮肤屏障完整性到宿主防御机制，再到 MC 驱动的炎症性皮肤疾病。此外，我们强调了 IgE 非依赖性 MC 激活途径及其在持续慢性皮肤炎症和疾病恶化中的作用的重要性。
