Rooney Dáire, Jackson Robin C, Heron Neil
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Apr 29;13(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00271-7.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete's participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner.
The Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) (Martin, et al., Sport Psychol 16:272-90, 2020) was completed by 120 athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) × 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. To identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed.
Results revealed that overall athletes involved in individual sports reported more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males.
The findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports, with females more likely to view sport psychology positively than compared to their male counterparts. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes' concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.
本研究的目的是调查运动员参与个人运动或团队运动如何与他们对运动心理学咨询的态度以及咨询运动心理学从业者的意愿相关。
来自个人运动和团队运动的120名运动员完成了修订后的运动心理学态度量表（SPA-R）（Martin等人，《运动心理学》16:272 - 90，2020）。以对运动心理学的态度为因变量，进行了一项2（运动类型：个人和团队）×2（性别）多变量方差分析（MANOVA）。为了确定突出与运动类型相关差异的态度，进行了后续单变量分析。
结果显示，总体而言，参与个人运动的运动员对运动心理学咨询的态度比参与团队运动的运动员更积极。特别是，参与个人运动的运动员对运动心理学咨询更有信心。研究结果还表明，性别可能会调节这种关联，这表现为在对运动心理学的信心方面，性别和运动类型（个人与团队）之间存在近乎显著的双向交互作用。这一边缘结果的来源是运动类型对女性的影响大于男性。
本研究结果表明，与参加团队运动的运动员相比，参与个人运动的运动员对运动心理学更可能持积极态度，并且女性比男性更可能对运动心理学持积极看法。这些结果可能在一定程度上有助于运动心理学家理解和解决运动员的担忧，并提高他们对运动心理学服务的接受度。
