Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
J Neurol. 2021 Nov;268(11):4379-4387. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10581-y. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 is predominantly a disorder of the respiratory system, but neurological complications have been recognised since early in the pandemic. The major pathophysiological processes leading to neurological damage in COVID-19 are cerebrovascular disease, immunologically mediated neurological disorders and the detrimental effects of critical illness on the nervous system. It is still unclear whether direct invasion of the nervous system by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 occurs; given the vast numbers of people infected at this point, this uncertainty suggests that nervous system infection is unlikely to represent a significant issue if it occurs at all. In this review, we explore what has been learnt about the neurological complications of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic, and by which mechanisms these complications most commonly occur.
2019 年冠状病毒病主要是呼吸系统疾病，但自疫情早期以来，人们已经认识到其存在神经系统并发症。导致 COVID-19 中神经系统损伤的主要病理生理过程包括脑血管疾病、免疫介导的神经系统疾病以及危重病对神经系统的有害影响。目前尚不清楚严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 是否会直接侵犯神经系统；鉴于目前感染人数众多，这种不确定性表明，如果发生神经系统感染，也不太可能成为一个重大问题。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了在疫情期间对 COVID-19 神经系统并发症的认识，并探讨了这些并发症最常见的发生机制。
