Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Sep;10(17):e2100199. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202100199. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
The emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy-harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound-induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
新兴的可植入生物电子学领域在现代社会中引起了广泛关注，因为它可以改善治疗效果、降低医疗成本，并提高生活质量。然而，它们的连续运行通常受到传统的大型刚性电池的限制，这些电池的寿命有限，在完成任务后必须通过手术取出，或者在耗尽后更换。本文对可植入生物电子学中非传统能源解决方案的最新进展进行了全面综述，重点介绍了小型化、灵活、生物相容性和可生物降解的电力设备。根据其能源来源，有前途的替代能源解决方案被分为三大类，包括储能设备（电池和超级电容器）、内部能量收集设备（包括生物燃料电池、压电/摩擦电能量收集器、热电和生物电势发生器）和外部无线功率传输技术（包括感应耦合/射频、超声诱导和光伏器件）。还讨论了它们的基本原理、材料策略、结构设计、输出性能、动物实验和典型的生物医学应用。它有望提供补充电源，延长生物电子学的电池寿命，同时作为独立的电源。然后，还概述了与这些供电设备相关的现有挑战和前景，重点是可植入生物电子学。
