Pallesen Ståle, Mentzoni Rune Aune, Morken Arne Magnus, Engebø Jonny, Kaur Puneet, Erevik Eilin Kristine
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 15;12:597615. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.597615. eCollection 2021.
To investigate changes over time and identify predictors of online gambling among gamblers by using three Norwegian representative samples covering a 6-year (2013-2019) period. We also aimed to identify different characteristics (including video game participation and video gaming problems) of online compared to offline gamblers. Data from gamblers ( = 15,096) participating in three cross-sectional surveys (2013, 2015, and 2019) based on random sampling from the Norwegian Population Registry were analyzed. Participants were asked how frequently they engaged in online gambling on different platforms (e.g., mobile phone). Data on sociodemographics, games gambled, gambling problems, gaming, and problem gaming were collected and analyzed by logistic regression analyses. Overall, an increase in online gambling from 2013 to 2015 was found (a larger percentage of gamblers reported having gambled online at least once during the last year), and an increase in online gambling from 2015 to 2019 was found (more gamblers reported having gambled online at least once last year and at least once per week). The increase was largest for gambling on mobile phone. Consistent predictors of online gambling (at least once last year and at least once per week) were male gender, high income, being unemployed, being on disability pension, having work assessment allowance, being a homemaker or retiree, number of games gambled, and gambling problems. Online gambling, especially on mobile phones, has increased significantly during the last 6 years in Norway. Hence, gambling availability seems to have grown, which may pose a risk for development of gambling problems. Compared to offline gamblers, online gamblers were more likely to be men, young, not working or studying, gambling on several games, and having gambling problems. Responsible gambling efforts aiming at preventing or minimizing harm related to online gambling should thus target these groups.
通过使用涵盖6年（2013 - 2019年）的三个挪威代表性样本，调查随时间的变化情况并确定赌徒中网络赌博的预测因素。我们还旨在确定与线下赌徒相比，线上赌徒的不同特征（包括电子游戏参与情况和电子游戏问题）。分析了来自参与基于挪威人口登记处随机抽样的三次横断面调查（2013年、2015年和2019年）的赌徒（n = 15,096）的数据。参与者被问及他们在不同平台（如手机）上进行网络赌博的频率。收集了社会人口统计学、赌博游戏、赌博问题、电子游戏和问题电子游戏的数据，并通过逻辑回归分析进行分析。总体而言，发现2013年至2015年网络赌博有所增加（更大比例的赌徒报告在过去一年中至少有过一次网络赌博），并且发现2015年至2019年网络赌博也有所增加（更多赌徒报告在过去一年中至少有过一次网络赌博且每周至少有过一次）。手机赌博的增长最为显著。网络赌博（过去一年至少一次且每周至少一次）的一致预测因素为男性、高收入、失业、领取残疾抚恤金、领取工作评估津贴、家庭主妇或退休人员、赌博游戏数量以及赌博问题。在挪威，过去6年中网络赌博，尤其是手机赌博显著增加。因此，赌博的可得性似乎有所增长，这可能对赌博问题的发展构成风险。与线下赌徒相比，线上赌徒更可能是男性、年轻、不工作或不学习、在多种游戏上赌博且有赌博问题。因此，旨在预防或尽量减少与网络赌博相关危害的负责任赌博措施应针对这些群体。
