Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
ATLÂNTICA-Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 21;25(1):147. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010147.
species are important sources of polycyclic and macrocyclic diterpenes, which have been the focus of natural-product-based drug research due to their relevant biological properties, including anticancer, multidrug resistance reversal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Premyrsinane, cyclomyrsinane, and myrsinane diterpenes are generally and collectively designated as myrsinane-type diterpenes. These compounds are derived from the macrocyclic lathyrane structure and are characterized by having highly oxygenated rearranged polycyclic systems. This review aims to describe and summarize the distribution and diversity of 220 myrsinane-type diterpenes isolated in the last four decades from about 20 species. Some myrsinane diterpenes obtained from are also described. Discussion on their plausible biosynthetic pathways is presented, as well as isolation procedures and structural elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the most important biological activities are highlighted, which include cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities, the modulation of efflux pumps, the neuroprotective effects, and the inhibition of enzymes such as urease, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and prolyl endopeptidase, among other biological effects.
植物是多环和大环二萜类化合物的重要来源，由于其相关的生物活性，包括抗癌、多药耐药逆转、抗病毒和抗炎活性，这些化合物一直是基于天然产物的药物研究的焦点。当药烷型二萜类化合物通常被统称为当药烷型二萜类化合物，包括普瑞马林烷、环当药烷和当药烷二萜类化合物。这些化合物来源于大环拉坦烷结构，其特征是具有高度氧化的重排多环系统。本综述旨在描述和总结过去四十年间从大约 20 种植物中分离得到的 220 种当药烷型二萜类化合物的分布和多样性。还描述了一些从植物中获得的当药烷二萜类化合物。讨论了它们可能的生物合成途径，以及使用核磁共振波谱法进行的分离程序和结构阐明。此外，还强调了最重要的生物活性，包括细胞毒性和免疫调节活性、外排泵的调节、神经保护作用以及对酶如脲酶、HIV-1 逆转录酶和脯氨酰内肽酶的抑制作用等其他生物作用。
