Paschke Kerstin, Arnaud Nicolas, Austermann Maria Isabella, Thomasius Rainer
German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
BJPsych Open. 2021 May 3;7(3):e94. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2021.49.
COVID-19 lockdown measures imposed extensive restrictions to public life. Previous studies suggest significant negative psychological consequences, but lack longitudinal data on population-based samples.
We aimed to prospectively identify increased psychological stress and associated risk factors in parent-child dyads.
We conducted a prospective, observational online study on a representative German sample of 1221 adolescents aged 10-17 years and their parents. Psychological stress and psychosocial variables were assessed before the pandemic (baseline) and 1 month after the start of lockdown (follow-up), using standardised measures. We used multilevel modelling to estimate changes in psychological stress, and logistic regression to determine demographic and psychosocial risk factors for increased psychological stress.
The time of measurement explained 43% of the psychological stress variance. Of 731 dyads with complete data, 252 adolescents (34.5%, 95% CI 31.0-37.9) and 217 parents (29.7%, 95% CI 26.4-33.0) reported a significant increase in psychological stress. Baseline levels were lower than in dyads without increased psychological stress. Risk factors for increased psychological stress included sociodemographic (e.g. female parents, severe financial worries) and emotion regulation aspects (e.g. non-acceptance of emotional responses in parents, limited access to emotion regulation strategies in adolescents), explaining 31% of the adolescent (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.31) and 29% of the parental (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.29) model variance.
This study is the first to prospectively show an increase in psychological stress during COVID-19 lockdown in a representative family sample. Identified demographic and psychosocial risk factors lead to relevant implications for prevention measures regarding this important public health issue.
新冠疫情封锁措施对公众生活施加了广泛限制。此前的研究表明存在显著的负面心理影响，但缺乏基于人群样本的纵向数据。
我们旨在前瞻性地识别亲子二元组中心理压力增加及相关风险因素。
我们对1221名年龄在10 - 17岁的德国青少年及其父母组成的代表性样本进行了一项前瞻性观察性在线研究。在疫情之前（基线）和封锁开始后1个月（随访），使用标准化测量方法评估心理压力和社会心理变量。我们使用多层次模型来估计心理压力的变化，并使用逻辑回归来确定心理压力增加的人口统计学和社会心理风险因素。
测量时间解释了43%的心理压力方差。在731个有完整数据的二元组中，252名青少年（34.5%，95%置信区间31.0 - 37.9）和217名父母（29.7%，95%置信区间26.4 - 33.0）报告心理压力显著增加。基线水平低于心理压力未增加的二元组。心理压力增加的风险因素包括社会人口统计学因素（如母亲、严重的经济担忧）和情绪调节方面（如父母不接受情绪反应、青少年获取情绪调节策略的机会有限），解释了青少年模型方差的31%（Nagelkerke R2 = 0.31）和父母模型方差的29%（Nagelkerke R2 = 0.29）。
本研究首次前瞻性地表明，在具有代表性的家庭样本中，新冠疫情封锁期间心理压力有所增加。所确定的人口统计学和社会心理风险因素对这一重要公共卫生问题的预防措施具有相关意义。
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