Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology, Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Salmonid Research, Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Jul;114:184-198. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.028. Epub 2021 May 1.
It is already known that domestication modifies stress and immune responses in juveniles and adults of several fish species. However, there is a lack of information on whether these modulations result from adaptability along the life cycle or if they are pre-determined in very early developmental stages. To shed light on mechanisms that help to explain the process of domestication, a study was conducted to analyze comparatively Eurasian perch larval performance, stress, and immune status between wild and domesticated specimens. Eurasian perch larvae obtained from wild and domesticated (generation F5 reared in recirculating aquaculture systems) spawners were reared in the same conditions during the main rearing trial (MRT) and also subjected to a thermal challenge (TC). During the study, larval performance (including survival, growth performance, swim bladder inflation effectiveness, deformity rate), the expression of genes involved in immune and stress response, and the specific activity of oxidative stress enzymes (during MRT only) were analyzed. No significant differences in hatching rate, deformity rate, or swim bladder inflation effectiveness between wild and domesticated larvae were found, whereas specific growth rate, final total length, and wet body weight were significantly lower in wild larvae. Higher mortality was also observed in wild larvae during both MRT and TC. The data obtained in this study clearly indicated that during domestication, significant modifications in stress and immune response, such as complement component c3, were noted as early as just after hatching. Generally, domesticated fish were characterized by a lower stress response and improved immune response in comparison to the wild fish. This probably resulted from the domesticated larvae being better adapted to the conditions of artificial aquaculture. The data obtained provided information on how domestication affects fish in aquaculture, and they contribute to the development of efficient selective breeding programs of Eurasian perch and other freshwater teleosts.
众所周知，驯化会改变几种鱼类幼鱼和成鱼的应激和免疫反应。然而，关于这些调节是来自于整个生命周期的适应性，还是在早期发育阶段就已经确定，目前还缺乏相关信息。为了阐明有助于解释驯化过程的机制，本研究比较分析了野生和驯化（在循环水产养殖系统中养殖的第五代）欧亚拟鲈幼鱼的表现、应激和免疫状态。在主要养殖试验（MRT）期间，从野生和驯化亲鱼（在循环水产养殖系统中养殖的第五代）获得的欧亚拟鲈幼鱼在相同条件下进行养殖，同时还进行了热应激（TC）处理。在研究过程中，分析了幼鱼的表现（包括存活率、生长表现、鳔充气效果、畸形率）、参与免疫和应激反应的基因的表达，以及氧化应激酶的比活力（仅在 MRT 期间）。野生和驯化幼鱼之间的孵化率、畸形率或鳔充气效果没有显著差异，而野生幼鱼的特定生长率、最终总长度和湿体重显著较低。在 MRT 和 TC 期间，野生幼鱼的死亡率也更高。本研究获得的数据清楚地表明，在驯化过程中，应激和免疫反应（如补体成分 c3）的显著变化早在孵化后就出现了。一般来说，与野生鱼类相比，驯化鱼类的应激反应较低，免疫反应增强。这可能是由于驯化幼鱼更适应人工养殖的条件。获得的数据提供了关于驯化如何影响水产养殖鱼类的信息，并为欧亚拟鲈和其他淡水硬骨鱼的高效选择性育种计划的发展做出了贡献。
