Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Aug 5;220:113491. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113491. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Marine ecosystem continues to produce a great wealth of molecules endowed with cytotoxic activity towards a large panel of tumor cells. Marine sponges, apparently defenseless organisms are endowed through evolution with a range of cytotoxic metabolites for self protection against predators and space competition. Interestingly, high biodiversity of sponges with Demospongiae and Calcarea species that have yielded numerous bioactive compounds have been accorded in different regions of the Red Sea. This review for the first time provides a comprehensive overview of 123 cytotoxic agents derived from Red Sea sponges with diverse chemical structures covered till mid 2020 showing activities ranging from mildly active to very active against different panels of cancer cell lines. It has been divided according to the different classes of compounds including alkaloids, terpenoids (sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, sesterterpenes, norsesterterpenes), peptides and macrolides, lipids (steroids, fatty acids/amides and glycerides) etc. The enhancement in the cytotoxicity with respect to the molecular structure changes have been described in detail. We have also accounted for the total synthesis of cytotoxic molecules, subereamolline A, aerothionin, asmarine B, norrsolide and latrunculin B showing interesting activity against different cancer cell lines.
海洋生态系统不断产生大量具有细胞毒性的分子，这些分子对大量肿瘤细胞具有活性。海洋海绵显然是无防御能力的生物体，通过进化赋予了一系列细胞毒性代谢物，以自我保护免受捕食者和空间竞争的影响。有趣的是，高生物多样性的海绵，包括 Demospongiae 和 Calcarea 物种，已经在红海的不同地区产生了许多生物活性化合物。这篇综述首次全面概述了从红海海绵中提取的 123 种具有不同化学结构的细胞毒性化合物，这些化合物的活性从中等到非常活跃，涵盖了截至 2020 年年中的不同癌症细胞系。根据不同的化合物类别进行了分类，包括生物碱、萜类（倍半萜、二萜、三萜、甾体二萜、诺甾二萜）、肽和大环内酯类、脂类（甾体、脂肪酸/酰胺和甘油酯）等。详细描述了分子结构变化对细胞毒性的增强作用。我们还介绍了细胞毒性分子的全合成，包括 subereamolline A、aerothionin、asmarine B、norrsolide 和 latrunculin B，它们对不同的癌细胞系表现出有趣的活性。
