School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:111269. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111269. Epub 2021 May 1.
To improve air quality, China issued a new version of Ambient Air Quality Standards in 2012, and Tianjin officially implemented these new standards in 2013. In order to observe whether the atmospheric quality and health had been improved after the release of the new standards, this study compared the exposure-response relationships between pollutant concentrations and daily deaths (and years of life lost, YLL) in the six central districts of Tianjin in 2007-2010 and 2014-2017, which were the two periods around the release of the new standards. The exposure-response coefficients were calculated by using the generalized additive model with the time series data. The results showed that the effects of PM and NO during 2014-2017 were lower than those during 2007-2010 (PM: 0.10<0.30, 2.07<4.52; NO2: 0.24<0.87, 6.39<11.98), while the results of SO were opposite (SO: 0.61>0.31, 10.31>1.64). And the excess deaths and YLL caused by the portion of the pollutants that exceeded the new standards also declined (PM: 156<206 persons, 3493<3913 person-years; NO: 64<136 persons, 1844<2895 person-years; SO did not exceed the new standards). The results proved that the new standards had a certain protective effect on the health of the population in the central districts of Tianjin. These findings may provide evidence for the formulation of public health policies and further improvement and development of the Ambient Air Quality Standards.
为改善空气质量，中国于 2012 年发布了新版《环境空气质量标准》，天津于 2013 年正式实施该标准。为观察新标准发布后大气质量和人群健康是否得到改善，本研究比较了 2007-2010 年和 2014-2017 年新标准发布前后天津市六个中心城区的污染物浓度与每日死亡人数（及寿命损失年，YLL）之间的暴露-反应关系，这两个时期分别处于新标准发布的前后。采用时间序列数据的广义相加模型计算暴露-反应系数。结果表明，2014-2017 年 PM 和 NO 的效应低于 2007-2010 年（PM：0.10<0.30，2.07<4.52；NO2：0.24<0.87，6.39<11.98），而 SO 的结果相反（SO：0.61>0.31，10.31>1.64）。超过新标准部分的污染物导致的超额死亡和 YLL 也有所下降（PM：156<206 人，3493<3913 人年；NO：64<136 人，1844<2895 人年；SO 未超过新标准）。结果表明，新标准对天津市中心城区人群健康具有一定的保护作用。这些发现可为公共卫生政策的制定以及环境空气质量标准的进一步改进和发展提供证据。
