Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Edinburgh Molecular Imaging Ltd. (EMI), Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 30;22(9):4804. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094804.
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: "Endoglin", "Imaging/Image-guided surgery". In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
病理性病变的分子成像可以提高癌症和心血管疾病的有效检测率。一个共同的病理生理特征是血管生成，即新血管的形成。内格林（CD105）是转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）家族配体的核心受体，在血管生成的内皮细胞上高度表达。因此，已经探索了基于内格林的成像来可视化上述疾病的病变。本系统评价重点介绍了基于内格林的癌症、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死和主动脉瘤成像的进展，重点介绍正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）、磁共振成像（MRI）、近红外荧光（NIRF）成像和超声成像。通过结合以下主题及其各自的同义词或相关子术语，在 PubMed 上进行了搜索：“Endoglin”，“成像/图像引导手术”。共发现 59 篇符合条件的论文，其中 58 篇报告了临床前动物或体外模型，1 篇为人体器官的离体研究。除了对成像方式类型、肿瘤或心血管疾病模型和示踪剂（类别）的确切数据进行提取外，还通过叙述性综合描述了结果。总的来说，这些数据表明内格林是肿瘤新生血管术中和诊断成像的合适靶点，而对于心血管疾病，证据仍然很少，但很有希望。
