Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(9):863-876. doi: 10.1159/000516038. Epub 2021 May 5.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) were first discovered in the 1960s. Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the cause of COVID-19, which spread throughout China and subsequently, across the world. As COVID-19 causes serious public health concerns across the world, investigating the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the host immune responses may provide a clearer picture of how the pathogen causes disease in some individuals. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 has 80% sequence homology with SARS-CoV-1 and 96-98% homology with CoVs isolated from bats. Therefore, the experience acquired in SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemics may improve our understanding of the immune response and immunopathological changes in COVID-19 patients. In the present paper, we have reviewed the immune responses (including the innate and adaptive immunities) to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, so as to improve our understanding of the concept of the COVID-19 disease, which will be helpful in developing vaccines and medications for treating the COVID-19 patients.
冠状病毒（CoVs）于 20 世纪 60 年代首次被发现。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）已被确定为 COVID-19 的病因，该病毒在中国各地传播，随后在全球范围内传播。由于 COVID-19 在全球范围内引起严重的公共卫生关注，因此研究 SARS-CoV-2 的特征及其与宿主免疫反应的相互作用可能会更清楚地了解病原体如何在某些个体中引起疾病。有趣的是，SARS-CoV-2 与 SARS-CoV-1 具有 80%的序列同源性，与蝙蝠中分离出的冠状病毒具有 96-98%的同源性。因此，在 SARS 和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）流行期间获得的经验可能会增进我们对 COVID-19 患者免疫反应和免疫病理变化的理解。在本文中，我们回顾了对 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应（包括先天免疫和适应性免疫），以便更好地理解 COVID-19 疾病的概念，这将有助于为 COVID-19 患者开发疫苗和药物。
