Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neurodevelopment after preterm birth: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND

Preterm infants are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. At present, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) is used to evaluate brain metabolites in asphyxiated term infants. The aim of this review is to assess associations between cerebral H-MRS and neurodevelopment after preterm birth.

METHODS

PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies using H-MRS and preterm birth. Eligible studies for this review included H-MRS of the brain, gestational age ≤32 weeks, and neurodevelopment assessed at a corrected age (CA) of at least 12 months up to the age of 18 years.

RESULTS

Twenty papers evaluated H-MRS in preterm infants at an age between near-term and 18 years and neurodevelopment. H-MRS was performed in both white (WM) and gray matter (GM) in 12 of 20 studies. The main regions were frontal and parietal lobe for WM and basal ganglia for GM. N-acetylaspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) measured in WM and/or GM is the most common metabolite ratio associated with motor, language, and cognitive outcome at 18-24 months CA.

CONCLUSIONS

NAA/Cho in WM assessed at term-equivalent age was associated with motor, cognitive, and language outcome, and NAA/Cho in deep GM was associated with language outcome at 18-24 months CA.

IMPACT

In preterm born infants, brain metabolism assessed using H-MRS at term-equivalent age is associated with motor, cognitive, and language outcomes at 18-24 months. H-MRS at term-equivalent age in preterm born infants may be used as an early indication of brain development. Specific findings relating to NAA were most predictive of outcome.