新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情：孕产妇心理健康及相关因素。
The Covid 19 outbreak: Maternal Mental Health and Associated Factors.
机构信息
Department of Maternity and Gynecology Nursing, Istinye University.
Department of Maternity and Gynecology Nursing, Balıkesir University.
出版信息
Midwifery. 2021 Aug;99:103013. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103013. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the mental health of pregnant women during the early and peak stages of the Covid-19 outbreak DESIGN: Online survey PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women over the age of 18 years with no mental disorder during the pre-pregnancy period (N = 729).
MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS
Mental disorders were assessed using the "Depression Anxiety Stress Scale" and social support was determined using the "Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale." Pregnant women had moderate levels of anxiety and depression and mild levels of stress. Anxiety, depression, and stress of moderate or high severity was reported in 62.2%, 44.6%, and 32.2% of the women, respectively. Pregnant women who lost their jobs during the pandemic period showed a 3-fold increase in the risk of anxiety, a 6-fold increase in the risk of depression, and a 4.8-fold increase in the risk of stress. An increase in the perception of social support has protective effects against all three mental disorders during pregnancy. In pregnant women with at least one obstetric risk, the risk of antenatal anxiety is 2 times higher than that in women with no risk. Similarly, women with a chronic physical illness before pregnancy have a higher risk of anxiety during pregnancy than healthy women. Financial strain has predictive value for anxiety and depression, and advanced age is a predictor for depression.
KEY CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of mental disorders in pregnant women during the pandemic period was much higher than that during the pre-pandemic period. The high frequency of antenatal mental disorders can lead to an increase in the frequency of obstetric and maternal complications in the short and long term.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Early detection of inadequate social support and economic difficulties of pregnant women during the pandemic period is recommended for protecting their mental health. Pregnant women should have easy access to psychosocial support, and they should be provided obstetric counseling during the pandemic conditions.
目的
评估新冠疫情早期和高峰期孕妇的心理健康。
设计
在线调查。
参与者
无孕前精神障碍的 18 岁以上孕妇（N=729）。
测量和发现
使用“抑郁焦虑压力量表”评估精神障碍，使用“多维感知社会支持量表”确定社会支持。孕妇有中度焦虑和抑郁，轻度压力。62.2%、44.6%和 32.2%的孕妇分别报告有中重度或重度焦虑、抑郁和压力。在疫情期间失业的孕妇焦虑风险增加 3 倍，抑郁风险增加 6 倍，压力风险增加 4.8 倍。感知社会支持的增加对孕期所有三种精神障碍都有保护作用。在至少有一种产科风险的孕妇中，产前焦虑的风险是无风险孕妇的 2 倍。同样，与健康孕妇相比，孕前患有慢性躯体疾病的孕妇在孕期焦虑的风险更高。经济压力对焦虑和抑郁有预测价值，高龄是抑郁的预测因素。
主要结论
疫情期间孕妇精神障碍的发生率远高于疫情前。产前精神障碍的高发生率会导致短期内和长期内产科和母婴并发症的发生率增加。
实践意义
建议在疫情期间早期发现孕妇社会支持不足和经济困难，以保护其心理健康。应使孕妇能够方便地获得社会心理支持，并在疫情期间为其提供产科咨询。
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