Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Grupo Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, C-1 Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Sep 10;786:147124. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147124. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
The knowledge regarding the spatial ecology of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in different environments is crucial if effective management actions are to be designed. However, this knowledge continues to be scarce in the complex contexts of mixed land use and management circumstances. This study describes the spatial ecology of red deer monitored using GPS collars in Mediterranean ecosystems of South-Central Spain, considering the effect of individual and seasonal (food shortage period, rut, hunting season and food abundance period) factors on different land use and management scenarios, namely protected areas, mixed farms and fenced hunting estates. Our results showed less activity (ACT), a shorter daily range (DR) and a smaller home range (HR) during the food shortage period: ACT: 0.38 ± (SD) 0.12; DR: 3010.9 ± 727.3 m; and weekly HR: 122.2 ± 59.6 ha. With regard to land use, individuals were less ACT and had a smaller DR on fenced hunting estates (ACT: 0.24 ± 0.12; DR: 1946.3 ± 706.7 m) than in protected areas (ACT: 0.59 ± 0.12; DR: 4071.4 ± 1068.2 m) or on mixed farms (ACT: 0.57 ± 0.29; DR: 5431.1 ± 1939.5 m) in all the periods studied. Red deer selected land cover with forage and shelter when foraging and resting, respectively. When drive hunt events occurred (mixed farms and fenced hunting estates), the deer were more prone to select safer habitats (scrublands) and avoid open areas (crops or grasslands) than were their counterparts in protected areas. The patterns observed can be explained by sexual and seasonal differences as regards requirements, the response to disturbances and, interestingly, population management. Our results provide useful information with which to design scientifically-based species adaptive management in response to relevant and timely situations in Europe, such as the potential transmission of shared infections, vehicle collisions, and damage to crops and ecosystems.
如果要设计有效的管理措施，就必须了解不同环境中赤鹿（Cervus elaphus）的空间生态学知识。然而，在混合土地利用和管理环境的复杂情况下，这种知识仍然很缺乏。本研究描述了在西班牙中南部的地中海生态系统中使用 GPS 项圈监测的赤鹿的空间生态学，考虑了个体和季节性（食物短缺期、发情期、狩猎季节和食物丰富期）因素对不同土地利用和管理情况（即保护区、混合农场和围猎场）的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在食物短缺期间，赤鹿的活动（ACT）减少，每日活动范围（DR）缩短，家域（HR）变小：ACT：0.38 ±（SD）0.12；DR：3010.9 ± 727.3 m；每周 HR：122.2 ± 59.6 ha。就土地利用而言，与保护区或混合农场相比，个体在围猎场的 ACT 减少，DR 也较小（ACT：0.24 ± 0.12；DR：1946.3 ± 706.7 m）（ACT：0.59 ± 0.12；DR：4071.4 ± 1068.2 m）或混合农场（ACT：0.57 ± 0.29；DR：5431.1 ± 1939.5 m）在所有研究期间 ACT：0.57 ± 0.29；DR：5431.1 ± 1939.5 m）。赤鹿在觅食和休息时分别选择有饲料和遮蔽物的土地覆盖物。当发生驱赶狩猎活动（混合农场和围猎场）时，鹿更倾向于选择更安全的栖息地（灌木丛），而避免开放区域（作物或草地），而不是保护区中的鹿。观察到的模式可以用性和季节性差异来解释，包括对需求的反应、对干扰的反应，以及有趣的是，种群管理。我们的研究结果提供了有用的信息，可以设计基于科学的物种适应性管理，以应对欧洲的相关和及时情况，例如共同感染的潜在传播、车辆碰撞以及对作物和生态系统的破坏。
