Mao Yue, Ye Yinghua
Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 22;12:622276. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622276. eCollection 2021.
A growing group of Chinese students is returning to China following graduation, especially young returnees. This group is seen as one of the most innovative sectors of Chinese society. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and three kinds of capital theories, this study explores entrepreneurial intention (EI) and its influencing factors among Newly Returned Chinese International Students (NRCIS). A survey of 211 NRCIS showed a low level of EI and little knowledge of supporting policies about entrepreneurship. Influencing factors included culture harmony as culture capital, overseas social networks as social capital, and foreign entrepreneurship education and foreign language proficiency as human capital. Attitude mediated the effects of foreign language proficiency, culture harmony, and foreign entrepreneurship education on EI. Perceived behavior control mediated the effect of foreign language proficiency, Chinese language proficiency, culture harmony, foreign entrepreneurship education, domestic entrepreneurship education, and overseas social networks on EI, and subjective norms have no significant mediating effect in any mediation path. Based on these findings, policymakers could pay attention to examining whether the current policies are working and accessible for NRCIS, and domestic entrepreneurship education could keep cultivating students' cross-cultural communication and understanding abilities, and society and education sectors could encourage positive cognition of entrepreneurship and guide students to form a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship and enhance their confidence.
越来越多的中国学生毕业后回国，尤其是年轻的海归。这一群体被视为中国社会最具创新力的群体之一。基于计划行为理论（TPB）和三种资本理论，本研究探讨了中国留学归国人员（NRCIS）的创业意向（EI）及其影响因素。对211名NRCIS的调查显示，他们的创业意向水平较低，对创业扶持政策的了解也很少。影响因素包括作为文化资本的文化和谐、作为社会资本的海外社会网络，以及作为人力资本的国外创业教育和外语能力。态度在对外语能力、文化和谐和国外创业教育对创业意向的影响中起中介作用。感知行为控制在对外语能力、中文能力、文化和谐、国外创业教育、国内创业教育和海外社会网络对创业意向的影响中起中介作用，而主观规范在任何中介路径中均无显著中介作用。基于这些发现，政策制定者可以关注当前政策对NRCIS是否有效且易于获取，国内创业教育可以持续培养学生的跨文化沟通和理解能力，社会和教育部门可以鼓励对创业的积极认知，引导学生形成对创业的积极态度并增强他们的信心。
