Matsumoto Keiji, Kotaki Toyomi, Numata Hideharu, Shinada Tetsuro, Goto Shin G
Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 Feb 3;8(2):202242. doi: 10.1098/rsos.202242.
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in almost every aspect of insect development and reproduction. JHs are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids, and their farnesol backbone has been chemically modified to generate a homologous series of hormones in some insect lineages. JH III (methyl farnesoate, 10,11-epoxide) is the most common JH in insects, but Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and 'higher' Diptera (suborder: Brachycera; flies) have developed their own unique JHs. Although JH was first proposed in the hemipteran suborder Heteroptera (true bugs), the chemical identity of the heteropteran JH was only recently determined. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the presence of a novel JH, JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB), in some heteropterans, but its taxonomic distribution remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated JHSB production in 31 heteropteran species, covering almost all heteropteran lineages, through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We found that all of the focal species produced JHSB, indicating that JHSB is widespread in heteropteran bugs and the evolutionary occurrence of JHSB ascends to the common ancestor of Heteroptera.
保幼激素（JH）在昆虫发育和繁殖的几乎每个方面都发挥着重要作用。保幼激素是一类无环倍半萜，在一些昆虫谱系中，它们的法尼醇骨架已被化学修饰以产生一系列同源激素。保幼激素III（法尼酸甲酯，10,11 - 环氧化物）是昆虫中最常见的保幼激素，但鳞翅目（蝴蝶和蛾类）和“高等”双翅目（亚目：短角亚目；蝇类）已经进化出了它们自己独特的保幼激素。尽管保幼激素最初是在半翅目异翅亚目（真蝽）中被提出的，但异翅亚目保幼激素的化学特性直到最近才被确定。此外，最近的研究揭示了在一些异翅亚目昆虫中存在一种新型保幼激素，保幼激素III跳过双环氧化物（JHSB），但其分类分布在很大程度上仍然未知。在本研究中，我们通过超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱联用技术，对涵盖几乎所有异翅亚目谱系的31种异翅亚目昆虫的JHSB产生情况进行了研究。我们发现所有重点研究的物种都产生JHSB，这表明JHSB在异翅亚目昆虫中广泛存在，并且JHSB的进化出现可追溯到异翅亚目的共同祖先。
