Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2021 May 15;22(5):341-347. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2000711.
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell. In recent years, several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers, including bladder cancer (BC), and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance, high stability, tissue specificity, and wide distribution in body fluids, and are secreted as various types by cells in different states, thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC. Herein, we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC, while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BC.
外泌体是纳米大小的囊泡，包含各种类型的生物活性成分，包括蛋白质、核酸、碳水化合物和脂质，其类型和细胞的生理状态而异。近年来，多项研究表明，外泌体可以为受癌症影响的患者提供新的非侵入性诊断和预后生物标志物，包括膀胱癌（BC），并且脂质双层膜结构使外泌体成为治疗应用有前途的递药载体。外泌体具有高丰度、高稳定性、组织特异性和在体液中广泛分布的特点，并且以不同的状态由细胞分泌各种类型，因此作为膀胱癌的生物标志物具有巨大的潜力。在此，我们简要总结了外泌体在膀胱癌发生发展中的作用和功能，以及目前对外泌体在膀胱癌中的研究进展，同时重点介绍了外泌体在膀胱癌诊断、治疗和预后方面的潜在临床应用。
