Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2022 Mar 1;135(5). doi: 10.1242/jcs.252353. Epub 2021 May 11.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid-rich organelles universally found in most cells. They serve as a key energy reservoir, actively participate in signal transduction and dynamically communicate with other organelles. LD dysfunction has been associated with a variety of diseases. The content level, composition and mobility of LDs are crucial for their physiological and pathological functions, and these different parameters of LDs are subject to regulation by genetic factors and environmental inputs. Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy utilizes optical nonlinear processes to probe the intrinsic chemical bond vibration, offering label-free, quantitative imaging of lipids in vivo with high chemical specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. In this Review, we provide an overview over the principle of CRS microscopy and its application in tracking different parameters of LDs in live cells and organisms. We also discuss the use of CRS microscopy in genetic screens to discover lipid regulatory mechanisms and in understanding disease-related lipid pathology.
脂滴（LDs）是在大多数细胞中普遍存在的富含脂质的细胞器。它们是重要的能量储备库，积极参与信号转导，并与其他细胞器进行动态通讯。LD 功能障碍与多种疾病有关。LD 的含量水平、组成和流动性对于其生理和病理功能至关重要，而这些 LD 的不同参数受到遗传因素和环境输入的调节。相干拉曼散射（CRS）显微镜利用光学非线性过程来探测内在的化学键振动，提供了具有高化学特异性和时空分辨率的体内无标记、定量成像脂质的方法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 CRS 显微镜的原理及其在跟踪活细胞和生物体中 LD 的不同参数方面的应用。我们还讨论了 CRS 显微镜在遗传筛选中用于发现脂质调节机制以及在理解与疾病相关的脂质病理学方面的应用。
