Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.40 Nongkenan Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China.
State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048, Xi'an, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2021 May 11;21(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02209-y.
Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) is an important commercial species for their high nutritional value and unique taste, but it has been a vulnerable species due to habitat loss. In this study, homologous juvenile turtles were allocated to lake, pond and paddy field to investigate the habitat effects on turtles.
The growth, morphology and gut microbial communities were monitored during the 4 months cultural period. It showed higher growth rate of turtles in paddy field and pond. The appearance, visceral coefficients, gut morphology and microbial communities in turtles were distinct among different habitats. The microbial community richness on Chao1 was obviously lower in initial turtle guts from greenhouses, whereas it was relative higher in turtle guts sampled from paddy fields than ponds and lake. Significant differences on dominant microbes were found among initial and subsequent samples from different habitats. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the guts of turtles sampled from the greenhouse initially, while Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum after cultivation in different habitats, followed by Bacteroidetes. The microbial composition were distinct in different habitats at 60d, and the appearance of dominant phyla and genera was more driven by sampling time than habitats at 120d. Both the sampling time and habitats affected the appearance of dominant phyla and genera during the cultivation. The functional predictions indicated that both habitat type and sampling time had significant effects on metabolic pathways, especially amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
The turtles could adapt to natural lakes, artificial ponds and paddy fields. The gut microbial abundance was different among the habitats and sampling time. The species of microbes were significantly more diverse in paddy field specimens than in those from ponds and lakes. Rice-turtle coculture is a potential ecological and economic farming mode that plays important roles in wild turtle protection and food security.
中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）是一种重要的商业品种，因其营养价值高和独特的口感而备受青睐，但由于栖息地丧失，它已成为一种脆弱物种。在本研究中，将同一年龄的幼鳖分配到湖泊、池塘和稻田中，以研究栖息地对鳖的影响。
在 4 个月的养殖期间，监测了鳖的生长、形态和肠道微生物群落。结果表明，鳖在稻田和池塘中的生长速度较快。不同栖息地鳖的外观、内脏系数、肠道形态和微生物群落存在明显差异。温室鳖初始肠道的 Chao1 微生物丰富度明显低于池塘和湖泊鳖，而稻田鳖的肠道微生物丰富度相对较高。不同栖息地鳖的初始和后续样本的优势菌群存在显著差异。在温室鳖的初始肠道中，厚壁菌门是最丰富的门，而在不同栖息地养殖后，变形菌门是最丰富的门，其次是拟杆菌门。在 60d 时，不同栖息地的微生物组成存在明显差异，而在 120d 时，主要菌群的出现更多地受到采样时间的影响，而不是栖息地。采样时间和栖息地都影响了养殖过程中主要菌群和属的出现。功能预测表明，栖息地类型和采样时间对代谢途径有显著影响，特别是氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢。
鳖可以适应天然湖泊、人工池塘和稻田。栖息地和采样时间的不同导致鳖肠道微生物的丰度存在差异。稻田鳖样本中的微生物种类比池塘和湖泊鳖样本中的更为多样。稻鳖共养是一种具有生态和经济潜力的养殖模式，对野生鳖保护和粮食安全具有重要作用。
