Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, 1 Gailezera iela iela, LV1079, Riga, Latvia.
Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Latvia.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2021 Mar-Apr;50-51:101731. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101731. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
Early detection of gastric cancer is remaining a challenge. This review summarizes current knowledge on non-invasive methods that could be used for the purpose. The role of traditional cancer markers such as CEA, CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CA 12-5 lies mainly in therapy monitoring than early detection. Most extensive studied biomarkers (pepsinogens, ABC method) are aiming at the detection of precancerous lesions with modest sensitivity for cancer. Tests based on the detection of cancer-specific methylation patterns (PanSeer), circulating proteins and mutations in circulating tumour DNA (CancerSEEK), as well as miRNA panels have demonstrated promising results bringing those closer to practice. More extensive research is required before tests based on the detection of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and cell-free RNA could reach the practice. Detection of volatile organic compounds in the human breath is a promising development; sensor technologies for this purpose could be very attractive in screening settings.
早期胃癌的检测仍然是一个挑战。本综述总结了目前可用于此目的的非侵入性方法的相关知识。传统的癌症标志物如 CEA、CA 72-4、CA 19-9、CA 15-3 和 CA 12-5 的作用主要在于治疗监测而非早期检测。研究最多的生物标志物（胃蛋白酶原、ABC 法）主要针对癌前病变的检测，对癌症的检测敏感性不高。基于检测癌症特异性甲基化模式（PanSeer）、循环蛋白和循环肿瘤 DNA 中的突变（CancerSEEK）的检测，以及 miRNA 面板已显示出有希望的结果，使这些方法更接近实际应用。在基于检测循环肿瘤细胞、细胞外囊泡和无细胞 RNA 的检测方法能够付诸实践之前，还需要进行更广泛的研究。检测人体呼吸中的挥发性有机化合物是一个很有前途的发展方向；为此目的的传感器技术在筛查环境中可能具有很大的吸引力。
