Gotlib I H, McCann C D
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 Aug;47(2):427-39. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.47.2.427.
Two studies in which the parameters of construct accessibility in depression were examined are reported. In Experiment 1, depressed and nondepressed subjects were required to name the colors of tachistiscopically presented depressed-content, neutral-content, and manic-content words. Because of the predicted accessibility and interference effects of the depressed-content words, the depressed subjects were expected to demonstrate longer response latencies to these words than to the non-depressed-content words. This response pattern was found for the depressed subjects; the nondepressed subjects did not demonstrate differential response latencies. In Experiment 2, a mood-induction paradigm was used to investigate whether the interference effects obtained in Experiment 1 were due to temporary mood differences between the depressed and nondepressed subjects, or were a function of more stable depression-associated patterns of information processing. Although predicted group differences were obtained on a mood adjective checklist, no effects were found for task performance. These results suggest that transient mood is not a sufficient explanation for the results obtained in Experiment 1. The implications of the present findings for the understanding of both construct accessibility and depression are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
本文报告了两项研究，这两项研究对抑郁症中构念可及性的参数进行了考察。在实验1中，要求抑郁和非抑郁的受试者说出通过速示器呈现的抑郁内容、中性内容和躁狂内容单词的颜色。由于预测抑郁内容单词具有可及性和干扰效应，预计抑郁受试者对这些单词的反应潜伏期会比对非抑郁内容单词的反应潜伏期更长。抑郁受试者呈现出了这种反应模式；非抑郁受试者则没有表现出不同的反应潜伏期。在实验2中，采用情绪诱导范式来研究实验1中获得的干扰效应是由于抑郁和非抑郁受试者之间的暂时情绪差异，还是更稳定的与抑郁相关的信息处理模式的作用。尽管在情绪形容词清单上获得了预期的组间差异，但未发现对任务表现有影响。这些结果表明，短暂情绪不足以解释实验1中获得的结果。本文讨论了当前研究结果对理解构念可及性和抑郁症的意义，并提出了未来研究的方向。
