Sakamoto Miki
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan.
Phys Ther Res. 2021 Feb 24;24(1):1-8. doi: 10.1298/ptr.R0011. eCollection 2021.
Skeletal muscle injury is caused by a variety of events, such as muscle laceration, contusions, or strain. Muscle fibers respond to minor damage with immediate repair mechanisms that reseal the cell membrane. On the other hand, repair of irreversibly damaged fibers is achieved by activation of muscle precursor cells. Muscle repair is not always perfect, especially after severe damage, and can lead to excessive fibroblast proliferation that results in the formation of scar tissue within muscle fibers. Remaining scar tissue can impair joint movement, reduce muscular strength, and inhibit exercise ability; therefore, to restore muscle function, minimizing the extent of injury and promoting muscle regeneration are necessary. Various physical agents, such as cold, thermal, electrical stimulation, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy, have been reported as treatments for muscle healing. Although approaches based on the muscle regeneration process have been under development, the most efficacious physiological treatment for muscle injury remains unclear. In this review, the influence of these physical agents on muscle injury is described with a focus on research using animal models.
骨骼肌损伤由多种事件引起，如肌肉撕裂、挫伤或拉伤。肌纤维通过立即修复机制对轻微损伤做出反应，该机制可重新封闭细胞膜。另一方面，不可逆损伤纤维的修复是通过激活肌肉前体细胞来实现的。肌肉修复并不总是完美的，尤其是在严重损伤后，可能导致成纤维细胞过度增殖，进而在肌纤维内形成瘢痕组织。残留的瘢痕组织会损害关节活动、降低肌肉力量并抑制运动能力；因此，为恢复肌肉功能，尽量减少损伤程度并促进肌肉再生是必要的。各种物理因子，如冷疗、热疗、电刺激和低强度脉冲超声治疗，已被报道可用于肌肉愈合的治疗。尽管基于肌肉再生过程的方法一直在开发中，但对于肌肉损伤最有效的生理治疗方法仍不明确。在本综述中，将重点围绕使用动物模型的研究来描述这些物理因子对肌肉损伤的影响。
